312 Journal of the Asiatic Scciely of Bengal. |N.S., XVIII, 
-u if it ends in any other vowel (shortening it if it is long), e.g. 
kitabau behi gai—the book also was lost, gawau jari ga—the 
village also was burnt; mardan ka tau maddareu ab ka meha- 
ruanau ka marthau—you have already murdered the men, now 
do you propose to kill the women also ? 
To denote the sense of definiteness or of emphasis -d@/ is 
added to a noun in a consonant or in -w and -i to a noun 
ending in a vowel (shortening it if it is long), e.g. kumharai 
girt ga—the potter himself fell down, kuttai bhagi ga—the dog 
fled away. 
Note 1.—These terminations may be added to the nouns 
or pronouns or instead of them to the postposition following 
them if it is long and not short, e.g. -au added to ghar sé be- 
comes either gharau s* or ghar seu. 
ote 2.— -ahi (instead of -au or -u—inclusive) and -ahé 
(instead of -ai or -i -definitive) may be optionally added to 
nouns consisting of one syllable or of two short syllables. If 
a dissyllabic or a long mono-syllabic word ends in a consonant 
-ahi and -ah@ cannot be added, e.g. gharahi, gharah@; but 
corau, corar. 
Pertphrastie Plurals. 
type. To form the obl. the termination -an is then added to 
these words and not to the noun which they follow, e.g. kurmt 
log bartan nat majat' hai—the kurmis—the kurmi class—do not 
clean utensils ; kahar logan ma pancait k’ ritt hai—the Pancait 
system prevails amongst the kahars ; ham pane cord nat kav 
sakit’ hai—people of our sort cannot steal: ham pancan ma 
parda ka calan hai—the purdah system prevails amongst our 
people. 
Note.—painc, however, is used generally only with Ist 
and 2nd pers, pronouns (ham and tum). 
CHAPTER III. 
ADJECTIVES. 
Gender. 
§ 31. Adjectives as a rule have two genders : masculine 
and feminine, e.g. nik: niki (good). 
$ 32 e fem. is formed by 
(a) adding -' to the masc. if it ends in a consonant, €.8- 
patar: patar' (thin), gil: gil’ (wet), thandh : thandh' (cold); _ 
_ _ (b) changing -a into -7 if the masc. ends in -@, e.g 9474 
bart (big), thora: thort (little) ; 

