1922.] A Dialect of Modern Awadhi. 327 
§ 82. Past Imperfect Conjunctive. 
sg. mase. pl. fem. pl. 
b , eesce ( dékhit' hoten 
mantieteieta yf kg 
dékhat* hot‘ déekhat' hotiu dekhatt hotiu 
dékhat' hot' dékhat? hatt dekhatt hot' 
This refers to a continuous action in the past which might 
have happened but which did not happen, e.g. wui sail’ 76 tum 
sé ham batlat' hoten tau tum ka wa bat jarar batauten—if I had 
been talking to you at that time, I would have told you that 
thing. 
(6) Tenses with Perf. Part. 
§ 83. These lay emphasis on the completion of an action, 
whether it be in the present, past or future, having special re- 
ference to the effect of that action at the time of speaking, or 
at the time referred to in the speech. They are five in num- 
ber as shown below. 
§ 84. Present Perfect Indicative. 
8g. é pl. 
dékhé hat dekhé han or dékhen hat 
dékhé hai or dé&khis' hai dékhé hau 
dékhis' hai dékhin' hat 
The difference between this tense and the Past Indic. is 
that this refers to an action the effect of which lasts up to the 
present while the Past Indic. refers to an action which has no 
effect at present, e.g. mai kua&i ma giri ga hai—I have fallen 
into the well, i.e. I am still there while mai kua ma giri gayet 
refers to the momentary action of falling but does not show 
that I am still there. 
_ Compared with the Past Perf. Indic. this tense refers to 
the recent past while the Past Perf. Indic. to the remote past, 
e.g. mai gawai gawa hati—I have gone to the village, refers to 
nearer past than that referred to in mai gawai gawa rahai—I 
had gone to the village. 
§ 85, Past Perfect Indicative. 
dékhé rahaa dékhé rahan or dékhen rahat 
dékhé rahai or dékhis' rahai dekhe rahau 
dékhis' rahai dékhin' rahar 
The difference between this tense and the Past Indic. is 
that while the effect of the action denoted by the agp — 
not last beyond the time when the action took place re . 
the Past Perf. Indic. lasts. Moreover, the Past Indic re ms 
nearer past time than the Past Perf. Indic. does, e.g. mar gawar 
