334 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XVIII, 
have actually reached Kasi, wu cari gilas pani pt daris'—he 
drank up four whole glasses of water. 
Of these cukab expresses an additional sense of thorough- 
ness and completion, and darab that of unexpected completion 
of a difficult task; 
(2) parab, uthab, baithab to express suddenness or sur- 
prise, e.g. wii pagal agi ma kidi para—that mad man jumped 
into the fire, tum etté jor s* boleu ki larika jagi utha—you 
spoke so loudly that the child woke up, @ju mai pacai bajé uthi 
baithei—I got up at five this morning ; 
(3) sakab and pawab to express ability to do an act, 
e.g. mai din bhare ma pacts mail jai sakat' hai—I can walk 
twenty-five miles a day, 76 mat tum ka mari pautii—if I 
could beat you ; 
44) khab and marab to express offence or infliction of an 
undesirable thing, e.g. wi mai ka dat s* kati khais‘—he bit me 
with his teeth, ham das pannak’ citthi likhi maren—I wrote out 
a ietter of ten pages; 
(5) calab to express the beginning of an action, e.g. 
wut ham ka dekhatai m@ri calé—no sooner did he see me than 
he began to beat ; 
_ . (6) déb to express intensity of an action, e.g. mori bah 
chart déu—leave my arm. 
1 Form (6) is combined with 
(1) d@b to express permission, e.g. mai ka roti khai déu 
—let me eat my food; 
(2) lagab to express inception of an action, e.g. wi ab 
hamaré hid awai lag hai—he has begun coming to my house c 
_ (3) cahab to express near completion, e.g. bara bajar 
cahat' hai—it is about twelve. 
§ 119. Form (c) is combined with karab to denote fre- 
quentative action, e.g. wui hii Gwa kart' hai—he frequently 
comes here. 
§ 120. A compound verb differs from the simple inas- 
much as it expresses a more definite and sometimes a little 
modified action. Of the auxiliary verbs noted above only 
cukab—to finish, sakab—to be able to, lagab—to begin and 
continue, and cahab—to wish, retain their original meaning, 
others have entirely lost it in helping out the meaning of the 
principal verb. 
§ 121. The auxiliaries are used with different verbs but 
being idiomatically used, they cannot be combined with any 
and every yerb. Their use is limited. 



