1922.] A Dialect of Modern Awadhi. 337 
Postpositions, 
§ 134. A postposition is generally used to denote a case- 
relation other than the nominative. It is used with the obl. 
case if one exists, otherwise with the direct, e.g. raja ka, 
rajan s°, sab ma, acche 8°, khai ma. 
§ 135. Accusative-dative—ka or! ka, e.g. rami gopal 
ka maris'—Ramii beat Gopal, hari ica kuch” hai ko déu—give 
Hari something to eat. 
136. Instrumental-ablative—s¢ or! sé, e.g. wi tum ka 
kt sé pitis'—with what did he beat you ?, badar s¢ bidi bhui 
par girtt hat—showers fall from the clouds on the earth. 
137. Locative—ma or! ma, mahiya: pa, par, e.g. khat 
ma gai cart’ hai—a cow is grazing in the field, khirkiya par 
(or khirkiya pa) kawwa baith hai—a crow is sitting on the 
window. 
—mase. obl., k' or! ki, kéri—fem. dir. and obl. 
Note.—The genitive postpositions agree in gender and 
case with the noun or pronoun which follows them, e.g. hari ka 
arikawa mari gawa—Hari’s son died, hari k* larika mari ge, 
hari kt lairia mari qai. 
§ 139. Dative—khatir, badi ; either of these may be used 
after the genitive of a noun or pronoun, e.g. hari k' khatir ham 
dudh" liye jait' hai—l take milk with me for Hari, tumhari 
khatir dadh* liye jait' hai. 
§ 140. Mlative—maré (on account of, owing to) follows 
@ noun or pronoun in the genitive, e.g. ram k' maré sita ban 
gai—Sita went to the jungle on account of Ram, tum hamaré 
mare maru khayeu—you were beaten on my account. : 
Note.—There is a tendency, however, to use the dative 
and illative postpositions with a noun or pronoun without the 
genitive postposition. This, however, does not apply to those 
pronouns which have special genitive forms—in their case the 
words khatir, badi and maré follow the genitive form always. 
§ 138. Genitive—ka or! ka, kér—masc. dir., k¢ or | ké, kéré 
bl 
CoNJUNCTIONS. 
i diinau jané 
§ 141. Cumulative—au (and), e.g. tum au ham jane 
bajarai caliba—you and I both will go to the market, “ 
dyé au chin bhari baithi ka calé gaye—he came here, sat fo 
while and went away. ies 
§ 142. Alternative—cahai .. . cahai (either... or), e.g. 
cahai hit baithau cahai hua—sit either here or there - — : ~ 
(neither... nor), e.g. na ham hid baithib na a Agen f 
neither here nor there; nai tau (otherwise, or) a “4 en the 
déu nai tau ham marib—give me money or I sha set ; 
ki (or), e.g. sswau ki jagau—do you sleep or are you a | 


! For the use of the short or long form see Chap. 1§8. 
