102 I.8.C. Proceedings of the Ninth [N.S., XVIII, 
ate mountain areas of India shows in microsporogenesis 56 
bivalent chromosomes so distinct that they can be counted 
under an ordinary high power without any treatment what- 
ordinary material. Double fertilization, by Nawascurin !? 
oogamous apogamy, by JuEL,* and an embryo sac of four 
megaspore nuclei, by DanoreEN * may be cited as examples. 
It may be that embryo saes will be found that will give a defi- 
nite clue to the origin of the embryo sac, though Scort’s recent 
statement‘ that ‘‘ It is safer to regard the Pteridosperms, and 
therefore the Seed Plants generally, as a distinct stock, prob- 
mee as ancient as any of the recognised phyla of Vascular 
ryptogams”’ (p. 391), assigns to the angiosperms such great 
antiquity that the expectation is minimized. 
It seems quite possible that degeneration during mega and 
microsporogenesis as I was able to trace it in Rumex crispus® 
may be found to be of widespread occurrence. It may be 
found to give a clue to the morphological origin of dicliny, to 
offer an explanation of sex intergrades, and to contribute to 
the solution of the problem of sexuality in plants. There is 
abundant material in our flora for the study of this problem. 
Co rative anatomy has been used with conspicuous 
C 
etsiny* and applied them ph living plants with equal success. 
Comparative morphology and anatomy will be of increasing 
service to taxonomy in indicating relationships. Our flora 
presents a rich field for such investigation. Becurei’s? work 
on the floral anatomy of the Urticales is a a example of 
the results that may come from such studie 
ndian plants have received siiceehber too little attention 
from morphologists, and the conclusion is that a whole host 
of these plants should have their morphology and vascular 
anatomy investigated. 

| Nawascuin, S. Resultate einer Revision der Belrnebineaie 
gange bei Lilium Martagon and Fritillaria tenella. Bull. Acad. lm 
Sci. ra tiger a. eshse 382. 1898. 
2 Jue, H. —o. bei Antennaria lapina (L.) R. Br. 
Bot. Contra 74: 300-379 1 
AHLGRE x, K. heal ‘Dar r Embnyosack von Plumbagella, ein 
neuer Typus unter den Angiospermen. Arkiv f. Botanik 14: 1-10. 
yD. The present position of the theory of descent, 
relation neg ih early history of plants. Chem. News 123: 289-293, 301- 
oe Fic auaie Morphology of Rumea crispus. Bot. Gaz. 
EFFREY, r . The Anatomy of Woody Plants. Chicago, 1917. 
7 Becuten, A, ne ‘aie floral anatomy of the Urticales. Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 8: 386-410. 


