130 1.8.C. Proceedings of the Ninth [N.S., XVIII, 
governed by the necessity for certain meteorological condi- 
tions which must be present before the life cycle in the insect 
host can be completed. Thus the old Hippocratic theory of 
the causation of disease has received indirect support from the 
results of modern research. 
The deficiency diseases which came into such prominence 
in Europe during the war have long been recognized in the 
tropics. Workers in the East have frequently referred to the 
shortcomings of the eastern dietary and its probable connec- 
tion with liability to disease. A correct appreciation of these 
facts is most important in countries where the majority of the 
population live in the ‘ twilight zone. ’ 
Modern treatment is also the outcome of experimental in- 
vestigation. Polypharmacy has fallen into disrepute and has 
been replaced by the belief in a few well tried drugs, the effi- 
cacy of which has been proved by experiment. The search for 
have been subjected to chemical analysis and have in many 
cases vielded their active principles. Medicine has not hesi- 
tated to apply to her own use the advances in other sciences. 
Electricity, X-rays and radium are now recognized metheds of 
treatment. No better illustration of the complete subversion 
of the older methods can be given than the modern hypertonic 
saline treatment of cholera, which has replaced the recognized 
method of a century ago, “‘ exemplified by the following old 
prescription. ‘‘ Mitter. Sanguie brachio magno orificio, add. 
oz. XXX. aut usque ad syncopen.”’ 
The prominent part which has been played by workers in 
India in this marvellous development has been the subject of 
a graceful tribute by Sir William Osler : Speaking of medi- 
cine in Greater Britain, he says, ‘‘ Quickly there arises the 
memory of the men who have done so much for Briti 
tio 
What India owes to the medical research can be inferred 
— our literature be in the absence of their contribu- 
ns !”’ 
between race, creed or class. Applied to the relief of the 
multitudes stricken by disease or accident, modern medicine 
has brought about a reduction in suffering and misery U¥ 

