164 I.8.C. Proceedings of the Ninth [N.S., XVIII, 
Physical Anthropology, Prehistoric aaespe hey and Technology, a 
Social Anthropology are included a the syllabus for the next Givit 
poids e Ex aminatio n to B pctiag ab tee The author suggests that the 
s Commi igh 

cope 0 ia 
be Pectally extended so as is include those of ethnographic interest as well. 
The ee tighee a specimens of interesting ethnogr — material 
raeoie4 in moth- Piro sehen of Government record-rooms which he 
able nad eee by the permission of the Cae notaries of the 
Shade Nagpur Divis 
moose Anayans of the Travancoe Hills —By Rao Bana- 
R L. D. ANANTHARRISHNA IYER 
Honey-gathering by the Hill Tribes —By Rao Banapour 
L. K. ANANTHAKRISHNA IYER. 
Prehistoric Archeology.— By PancHaNaAN MITRA. 
The role of climatic conditions in epidemic disease with 
special reference to malaria.—By Lr.-Cou. ©. A. GILL 
I.M.S., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H., Chief Malaria Medical 
Officer, Punjab. 
(1). Historical Note. 
The nature of vietnam has exercised the imagination of mankind 
since the earliest times and a portant rdéle in its me chanism has long 
j stints ia 
_ In fact the association of plagues and pestilences tei unusual 
climatic “veppipes ais one of the oldest e prasaeRAGat observations on 
record. It is not surprising ripened bese with the birth of scientific 
medicine in ancient Greece the influence of climate on epidemic disease 
tion 
crates, over 2000 years ago, observing that a seasonal varia- 
tio on in the incidence of disease occurred in association with changes in 
climatic conditions and being impressed by the sudden and widespread 
Thus arose the miasmatic th eory of epidemic causation which, as. 
finally formulated by the Greek school of saad Splales ophers, postula- 
ted bo all epidemic outbreaks were the result either of occult a a 
ric states or of some change in the ph sdk roperties of air engendere 
by serene Parente: pita + tions. ad te 3 
o smali credit to the acumen of the classical school of epi- 
demiologists that this theory with only minor modifications successfully 
held the field for over 2000 years. It is true that in certain respects 1! its 
seer Ream became apparent, yet it was accepted in principle, if not - 
sonar by ig denham and indeed by all spidemniologiste down to quite 
t w. ong t in fact — after the scones & in the latter half of the 
9th century, of the micro-parasitic nature of infective = ger me 
the ae area hypothesis it finally and definitely aban "Ta 
ase of malaria this occurred Hey the year 1880, of hole in 1384, of 
‘ideas in 1892 and of plague in 1894 
e new impetus Avent us medical research by the great dincey 
eries of the bacteriologists there was no room for the esoteric theories of 
the classical lee and the influence of climatic conditions oP 
epidemic diseases was relegated to a position of purely mire interest. 
The ubsequent disconsey, of the réle played by insec and other 
* 
teh as” ie 
ne ~eti ip atiiedianhin sania «cae. 


