1922.] Fauna of the Fresh and Brackish Waters of India. 531 
See the papers on different groups in volumes VII and XXIV 
of the Rec. Ind. Mus. , 
e fauna of the lakes of Kashmir, although of no great 
importance in itself, is of considerable geographical interest, 
for it represents an outlying branch of the true Eurasian fauna 
of Europe and Central Asia. The lakes, belonging as they do 
to the Indus system, appear to have formed the onl y reservoir 
for this fauna in Indian territory. They were investigated re- 
cently by Dr. Baini Prashad and Mr, B. Chopra, whose results 
have not yet been completely worked out. They will be pub- 
nd. Mus. 
lished later in the Rec. Ind. : 
The isolated valley of Manipur contains a lake of consider- 
able but variable size which is in direct communication with 
the Chindwin, the main tributary of the Irrawadi. This lake 
in many respects resembles the Inlé Lake but has muddy water 
of much more normal chemical composition on account of the 
rocks through which its feeders flow being insoluble. Its fauna 
‘is by no means rich and its chief faunistic interest lies in the 
contrast it provides with the Inlé Lake. The fish have been 
described by Dr Hora, who accompanied me to Manipur in the 
early part of 1920, in Rec. Ind. Mus., XXII (1921), while the 
molluses have been discussed by Dr. Baini Prashad, Mr. Amin- 
-ud-Din and myself in the same volume. In my introduction 
o our paper I have compared the fauna asa whole with that 
of the Inlé Lake. It differs mainly in not being at all highly 
from place to place and in a short visit one cot aionhen 
imperfect and often distorted view of its characteristic sith 
The fauna of running water, however, has not been gis 
neglected in India in the last ten years. In a paper (Rec. Ind. 
us., XVI.) on that of a small stream in the Bombay Presidency 
which has been visited at different times by Dr. F. H. peter 3 
Prof. S. P. Agharkar and myself, I have attempted to descri 
the puitoal life i « type of stream very common at the base o 
otherwise has no very marked peculiarities. Apart from the 
medusa, its most inter esting t i hans to be 


Sponges. These, which are attached to rocks liable to desicca- 
tion, belong partly to the genus Corvospongilla and those that 
