■'$#4 Observations on Language. 



/ In a similar manner they changed 

 D into T ; and vice versa. 



Anciently, D was written for L, as Sedda for Sella,. 

 and dingua for lingua.. It was also written for 0, as 

 afc/or for Af/5jp. 



The Zc/w ^ was changed into all the other vowels. 



F was anciently written by the Romans for H^ as i^or- 

 deum for Hordeum. 



G was changed into C, and into Z; and 



/ into U, as optujnus into optimiis\ and also into ^, 

 and rice versa. 



L was sometimes chana:ed into j\', and sometimes in- 

 to /). 



The mutnal commutations of Ad; and A* are too well- 

 known to be insisted on here. 

 It is also well, known, that 



.Y was sometimes changed into L, and sometimes in» 

 to R. 



O and U were frequently written for each other. 



P was changed into i^and /^, V and IC 



V was changed into B and P ; 



U into all the vowels ; and 



Ionic. 



X into Gj as okiCfiv for (}%vyov. 



Doric. 



^ewj for )/fi;o. 



From these changes,, which might be pursued to a 

 greater extent, and of which many more examples miglit 

 be given, it is evident, that language may, and in many 

 instances must,, have been so greatly altered, from this 

 source alone, as to become unintelligible to those^ by 

 whom the changes had not been made. 



This, however, was not the whole amount of these al- 

 terations. Words -mere often written^ and by the Greeks 

 generally, in such a manner^ as to make them accordant 

 with the genius of the language, into xvhich they were 

 transferred. Thus Ormuzd, Mithr^ and Ahriman^ the 

 names of the Persian Triad, were written by the Greeks 

 Oromasdes, Mithras^ and Arhnamos ; Khosrau. or Cau 

 khosrau^ Ki'po;, and by us Cyrus; Cambakhsh. Camby- 

 ses ; and Shiruyi, or perhaps Shirshah, Xerxes. Let 



