128 FORESTRY IN BRITISH EAST INDIA. 



The sandalwood {Santalum album) is evergreen and occurs in 

 the deciduous forests, chiefly in Mysore, Coorg, Bellary, Salem 

 and Coimbatore in Southern India. The red sanders {Pterocar'pus 

 santalinus) is deciduous and grows in the dry hills of Cuddapah 

 and North Arcot districts of Madras. 



Certain species of Dipterocarpus (chiefly D. tuperculatus) form 

 in Burma a type of forest called In or Eng forest, usually on 

 laterite soils. They are accompanied by a limited number of 

 other species such as Dillenia pulcherrima, Shorea obfusa, 

 Buchaniana latifolia, Diospyros birmanicus, Dalbergia cultrata, 

 Xylia dolabriformis, Careya arborea and Pferocarpus indicus. 

 Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Padauk) is the most valuable tree of the 

 Andamans, where it grows in deciduous and semi-evergreen forest. 



(c) The Dry Forest occupies the plains of the Punjab, the 

 western half of Rajputana and Sind as far as the rainfall suffices. 

 Wherever that sinks below 15 inches, the tree growth becomes 

 stunted and then disappears in the desert. In this region the 

 highest and lowest shade temperatures (125 and 25) are recorded. 

 The small trees develop enormously long roots, wherewith to 

 reach the low-lying ground water. The principal trees found in 

 this zone are Bombax malabaricum, Butea frondosa, Acacias, 

 Prosopis spicigera, Grewias, Capparis aphylla, Salvadora, Cordia, 

 Anogeissus pendula. 



There is a second dry zone in the Peninsula to the east of the 

 Ghats, comprising the Deccan, Mysore, and several Madras and 

 Bombay districts ; but elevation above sea level produces local 

 exceptions where the rainfall rises above 30 inches. The principal 

 trees are Prosopis, Capparis, Santalum album, Pterocarpus 

 santalinus, Zizyphus, Acacia arabica, Albizzia amara and others. 



(d) In the Arid Zone are found Acacia arabica, Prosojns, Capparis 

 aphylla, Populus euphratica, Salvadora, Tamarix dioica and gallica. 

 Whenever the rainfall is much below 15 inches these trees show 

 poor development or cannot live at all, unless the areas are 

 artificially irrigated or occasionally inundated. 



(e) Hill Forests and Alpine Forests. — The Himalayan forests 

 differ not only according to elevation, but also according to 

 position, due to the great difterence of the cfimate. The hills of 

 the North-west Frontier have a rainfall of about 15 inches ; in 

 the Punjab hills it amounts to some 40 inches, and it increases in 



