164 FORESTRY IN BRITISH EAST INDIA. 



departmental working is essential, as, for instance, in the 

 extraction of little known timbers or other produce, for which it 

 is desired to create a market, or when trade manipulations and 

 the creation of a monopoly have to be prevented. On the whole, 

 the Government of India are incUned to believe that in some parts 

 of the country departmental working might profitably be 

 employed more extensively than has been the case of late 

 years. 



There has been a noticeable increase in the demand for forest 

 produce since 1914, and various industries dependent on the 

 forests for their raw material have been started. Of these may 

 be mentioned the utilization of bamboos, grasses and suitable 

 woods for the manufacture of paper pulp, the extraction of 

 tanning materials, the manufacture of matches, the utihzation of 

 new species of timber for railway sleepers, the impregnation of 

 timbers with antiseptic substances, the manufacture of rosin and 

 turpentine from crude resin obtained by tapping certain pines 

 (Finns longifolia) in the Himalayan forests, and other cases. 

 The attempts to utilize most of these substances are not new ; 

 they were begun many years ago. The manufacture of paper 

 pulp from bamboos was attempted in 1884, when the author was 

 Inspector-General of Forests. Paper of excellent quality was 

 produced by Messrs. Routledge & Co., but at that time the 

 process employed did not permit the manufacture at a sufficiently 

 low price. Sir Dietrich Brandis made a great effort to introduce 

 the creosoting of Himalayan pines some 45 years ago, but the 

 difficulty of keeping the creosote in a good condition was so great 

 that the attempt had to be given up. Now the progress of science 

 has been so great that such difficulties have disappeared, and the 

 present day staff of the Department are fully alive to the impor- 

 tance of the commercial development of the forests ; they recog- 

 nise that efforts to secure commercial success are as much part 

 of their duty as the scientific management of the property 

 entrusted to their care. It may be added that of late a com- 

 mercial branch of the Forest Department has been established. 



11. Out-turn of the Forests. 

 The out-turn of the Indian State forests in the year 1913 — 1914 

 was as follows : — 



