182 FORESTRY IN CANADA. 



(5) Black Spruce (P. mariana), a swamp species throughout 



the Dominion, the smallest of the spruces, occasionally 

 sawn into lumber and much used for pulpwood. 

 White Pine, 2 species. 



(6) Eastern White Pine {Pinus Strobus), formerly the most 



important tree of Canada, but now much reduced in 

 quantity, highest development near the great lakes, 

 reaches up to 150 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet diameter, 

 used for building construction and cabinet work, not 

 used for pulpwood. 



(7) Western White Pine (P. monticula), even a larger tree than 



the former, but not very plentiful, found scattered in 



the south-western districts and the interior wet belt of 



British Columbia. 

 (8) Douglas Fir {Pseudotsuga Douglasii), in British Columbia in 

 the southern part of the coast region, and throughout the interior 

 to about the 55th degree of latitude and extending to the foot hills 

 of the Rockies in Alberta ; very large tree, Canada's finest wood 

 for structural purposes, height up to 250 feet and 8 feet diameter 

 in the southern part of the coast range, smaller in the interior, 

 used for lumber, sleepers, piles, mining Avood, block paving, and 

 many other purposes. 



Hemlock, 3 species, of which 2 are of commercial importance. 

 (9) Eastern Hemlock {Tsuga canadensis), found in South 



Ontario and Quebec and throughout the maritime 



provinces. 



(10) Western Hemlock {Ts. heterophylla), found in British 



Columbia throughout the coast region, also in the 

 interior wet belt as far north as the upper Eraser valley 

 and in Alaska ; a larger tree than the eastern hemlock, 

 and its wood is of superior quality ; the second most 

 important pulpwood species in British Columbia. 

 Cedar, 2 species, also known as Arbor-vita). 



(11) Western Red Cedar, or Giant Arbor- vitae {Thuya plicata) 



found in regions of abundant precipitations in British 

 Columbia, reaching in Vancouver island a height of 175 

 feet and 10 feet diameter, extends along the coast into 

 Alaska, missing the dry belt and re-appearing in the 

 interior wet belt, extending to the upper Eraser valley. 



