THE PRODUCE OF THE FORESTS. 183 



(12) Eastern Cedar {Th. occidentalis), found from East Manitoba 



to the Atlantic seaboard in moist situations, a smaller 

 tree than the western species. 



The wood of both species is durable, but the texture 

 is rather coarse, the eastern species being more uniform 

 in texture. 



(13) The Red Pine {Pinus resinosa) is found in eastern Canada 

 in the same region as the white pine. Its wood is stronger and 

 more resinous. 



(14) The Balsam Fir [Abies balsamea). This is the most 

 important of four species. It is found throughout Canada, but 

 is most important in Ontario, Quebec and the maritime provinces. 

 The tree is sawn into lumber, but more important as pulp-wood 

 in connection with spruce. 



(15) The Western Yellow Pine {Pinus ponderosa) is confined to 

 the interior dry belt of British Columbia, where it forms the 

 key tree of that region ; its wood is intermediate in quahty 

 between white and red pine. 



Birches, 7 species, of which 3 are of commercial value. 



(16) The Yellow Birch {Betula lutea) is the most important 



hardwood of Canada, appearing from the maritime 

 provinces to the east end of Lake Superior, and 

 reappearing between the west end of that lake and the 

 Lake of the Woods. Used extensively for flooring, 

 cabinet work, vehicle stock, and handles ; takes a fine 

 polish. 



(17) The Western Birch {B. occidentalis) is confined to south- 



western British Columbia and is used for lumber and 

 cabinet work. 



(18) The Paper or Canoe Birch {B. alba var. papijrifera) is the 



most widely spread bircli in Canada ; inferior to the 

 other two species for lumber, but valued for turnery and 

 fuel. 

 Larch or Tamarack. 



(19) The Eastern Larch (Larix laricina) is a swamp tree ; 



appears in all provinces of the Dominion, never abun- 

 dant ; has been almost entirely destroyed in eastern 

 Canada by the larch saw-fly. Wood very strong, hard 

 and durable ; used for lumber, sleepers and shipbuilding. 



