RELATIONSHIP OF THE STATE TO THE FORESTS. 185 



dentata), hickory {Carya cordiformis, alba, glabra, and microcarpa), 

 butternut {Juglans cinerea), walnut (J. nigra), cherry {Primus 

 serotina), tulip tree {Liriodendron tulipifera), and others. 



4. Relationship of the State to the Forests. 



(a) Legislation. — The Government forests in the three Prairie 

 Provinces and certain lands in British Columbia are under the 

 direct management of the Dominion Government, while those in 

 the other provinces are under the control of the provincial 

 Governments. Some of the Dominion Acts apply to all provinces, 

 and others only to the areas under the direct administration of 

 the Dominion Government. 



The Dominion. — The existing legislation on forestry is scattered 

 through a number of Acts, of which the most important is the 

 Forest Reserves and Parks Act, passed in 1906 and subsequently 

 frequently amended. It authorises the setting aside of unoccu- 

 pied land for Forest Reserves and Dominion Parks, to be subject 

 to Regulations issued under the authority of the Governor- 

 General in Council. The objects of these reservations are : — 



(1) The maintenance of the timber supply. 



(2) The conservation of the minerals, game and fish therein. 



(3) The preservation of the water supply, 



(4) The preservation of historic sites. 



No power is granted to interfere with rights granted on lands 

 included in the reservations, but timber births, cut over or given 

 up, may be reserved. Power is given to forest officers to seize 

 and summarily arrest in case of infraction of the Regulations. 

 The latter govern the use of fire for legitimate purposes, the 

 disposal of timber by permit or sale, the grazing, hay-making, 

 fishing, hunting, mining, and the establishment of town sites 

 and summer resorts. 



A feature common to the timber administration of the Dominion 

 Government and that of the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, 

 New Brunswick and British Columbia is that the law prohibits 

 the alienation of the land in issuing timber-cutting licences, 

 wliich give only the right to cut timber. All such licences also 

 prohibit the export of unmanufactured timber cut on the lands 

 covered by the licences. 



The patrol of railway lines is compulsory throughout the 



