RELATIONSHIP OF THE STATE TO THE FORESTS. 191 



coals and ashes upon the right of way, the placing of fire guards, 

 the establishment of special fire patrols by railway companies, 

 the instruction by the companies of their staff relating to reporting 

 and extinguishing of fires. The work is supervised by the field 

 staff of the Fire Inspector's Department of the Board. The 

 results have, on the whole, been very successful of late years. 



Arrangements similar to those indicated above exist in the 

 several provinces. They are of a very complicated nature and it 

 is difficult to beheve that the results are satisfactory. 



(e) Education. — Complete courses leading to the degree of 

 Bachelor of Science in Forestry are available at the University of 

 Toronto, and at the University of New Brunswick at Fredericton. 

 At either place the course extends over 4 years, the first two being 

 devoted chiefly to the study of auxiliary subjects and the others 

 to the theory and practice of forestry proper. 



A School of Forestry was founded by the Quebec provincial 

 Government in 1910, for training men for its own forest service. 

 Subsequently the course of instruction was enlarged to a 4 years' 

 duration leading to a Diploma. 



In connection with the re-establishment of returned soldiers, 

 a Rangers' School has been established at the University of 

 British Columbia at Vancouver. The course lasts 5 months. 



The Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph has a Forestry 

 Department, in which instruction is given chiefly in those subjects 

 which are of importance to owners of wood lots. 



5. Private Forestry Activities. 



A great number of private individuals in Eastern Canada are 

 planting up waste lands in a small way, thus indicating that the 

 idea of afforestation is gaining public interest and co-operation. 

 Interest in scientific forestry has been evinced by Canadian wood- 

 using corporations. Their trained foresters have done a consi- 

 derable amount of surveying and mapping, and they have, in a 

 preliminary and experimental way, occupied themselves with 

 silvicultural questions. Fourteen companies, manufacturing 

 paper and lumber in eastern Canada, have foresters in their 

 employ, and the number would be greater, were experienced 

 technical men available. They have done a fair amount of 

 planting, advisory work, estimating timber, classifying land, and 



