266 FORESTRY IX THE CROWN COLONIES. 



(3) Establishment of protection forests at the headwaters of 



streams, in water-supply basins, &c. 



(4) Efficient protection of the State forests. 



(5) Estabhshment of an efficient stafi for the Forest Service. 



(6) Estabhshment of a School of Forestry and promotion of 



Research. 



(7) Extension of State planting on suitable lands for local 



wants. 



(8) Decentrahsation of the stafi and a sound produce-sale 



policy. 

 This poUcy has been well received by producers, consumers, and 

 the general pubUc. 



THE CROWN COLONIES AND PROTECTORATES. 



I. CYPRUS. 



1. Notes on Topography axd Climate. 



The Island of Cyprus is situated between the 34th and 36th 

 degrees north latitude, and between the 32nd and 36th degree 

 east longitude. It has an area of 3,584 square miles, and a 

 population of about 274,000, or 77 to the square mile. 



Topograjjhj. — The main feature is a central plain running due 

 east and west from one end to the other, which is bound on the 

 north and south by mountain ridges. The central plain, 

 Messaoria, is alluvial. The northern mountain system, called 

 the Kyrenia Range, is nearly all a limestone formation. The 

 southern, or Troodos System, is generally of igneous composition. 



The Climate varies considerably. At Nikosia in the central 

 plain, the temperature varies between 31 and 104 degrees ; on 

 Troodos, at 6,406 feet elevation between 46 and 86 degrees during 

 the summer months, while during winter the more elevated parts 

 of the system are snow^-clad. The rainfall at Nikosia and in the 

 central plain generally is 14 inches, and somewhat more at the 

 higher elevations. The greater part of the rain falls during the 

 months of November to April ; the summer rainfall is insignificant. 



2. Main Types of Forest Growth. 



In the northern range the forest in the upper parts consists of 

 Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) mixed with Cupressus sempervirens 



