278 FORESTRY IN THE CROWN COLONIES. 



(4) The establishment of at least 20,000 acres of soft woods 



stocked with suitable conifers, Melia dubia or other 

 suitable species. 



(5) Thorough protection of the permanent State forests at any 



rate, against chena cultivation, fire, &c. 



(6) Development of the system of roads and other means of 



transport. 



(7) The setting uj) of a staff capable of dealing with the efficient 



carrying out of the scheme, and research in important 

 questions. 



K. THE MALAY PENINSULA. 



1. General Notes on the Country. 



The Malay Peninsula is situated between the 1st and 7th degree 

 northern latitude and the 100th and 105th eastern longitude. It 

 is divided into the following three parts : — 



(a) The Straits Settlements 

 (6) Federated Malay States 

 (c) Unfederated Malay States 



Total .... 53,960 .. 2,500,000 .. 46 



The Settlements are : Singapore, Malacca, Bindings, Penang 

 and Wellesley. The Federated States comprise : Sembilan, Negri, 

 Selangor, Pahang and Perak. The Unfederated States are : 

 Johore, Trengganu, Kelantan, Kedah and PerUs. 



Topography. — The peninsula is generally undulating or hilly, 

 and the central mountain mass rises to over 7,000 feet above 

 sea level. The slopes of the hills are usually steep. There are no 

 elevated plateaux of any importance, but considerable areas of 

 alluvial plains in Kedah and within some miles from the sea. The 

 rivers are, as a rule, shallow and suited only to traffic by small 

 native craft and steam launches. There are no lakes of 

 importance. 



Geology and Soil. — The rocks are mainly granite, quartzite with 

 imbedded shale, and crystalhne limestone ; the latter form 

 isolated hills with precipitous sides. The intensity of the tropical 

 weathering produces sufficient soil over the rocks to support a 



