282 FORESTRY IN THE CROWN COLONIES. 



The Unfederated States. — In Kedah a forest enactment (No, 6) 

 was passed in 1918, which is a shortened form of the Federated 

 States enactment and rules. 



In Johore the Land Enactment of 1910 and rules made under it 

 provide for the reservation of land for forest purposes and for 

 the extraction and levy of royalties on forest produce. 



In Kelantan the Timber and Jungle Produce Eules, 1914, 

 provide for the extraction of forest produce and the levy of 

 royalties on it. 



In Trengganu the export of Chengal {Balanocarpus spp.) is 

 prohibited. With this exception there are no forest rules in this 

 State. 



Administrative Methods. — As rain falls every month, the protec- 

 tion of the forests against fire is unnecessary. The planting of 

 waste lands on an experimental scale has been attempted, but so 

 far without success. On the other hand, a considerable amount 

 of planting has been done in blanks in felling areas in the mangrove 

 swamps, and attempts have been made, with varying success, to 

 introduce species of Balanocarpus, Afzelia palemhanica and gutta- 

 percha into forests not containing them. At present the efforts 

 of the Department are chiefly directed to improvement fellings, to 

 assist the saplings and poles and to encourage the natural regenera- 

 tion of the more valuable species. Special success has been 

 achieved in this way with camphor {Dryohalanops aromatica), 

 gutta-percha and certain Shoreas ; some 40,000 acres have been 

 treated in this way. 



The Forest Authority/. — Passing over the earlier attempts at 

 conservancy, a real start was made in 1900, when Mr. H. C. Hill, 

 late Inspector-General of Forests in India, reported on the 

 forest administration in the peninsula. On his suggestion the 

 post of Chief Forest Officer, now called Conservator, was created 

 and filled by a trained and experienced Indian officer, who 

 organized the department. The present staff consists of 1 Con- 

 servator, 1 Research Officer, 14 Deputy and Assistant and 

 6 Extra Assistant Conservators, and a subordinate staff of 

 Rangers, Foresters, Guards, &c., numbering 500 members. An 

 enlarged scale is under consideration. 



The Conservator is the administrative head of the Department 

 and the technical adviser to Government in forest. matters ; he is 



