53 



they were a distinct form, and probably the southern race, as suggested 

 by Mr. Allen. They then were made the types of L. tephrocotis var. 

 aiistralis, Allen ; the manuscript-name on the labels being first pub- 

 lished in November, 1873, by the writer, in the Bulletin of the Essex 

 Institute (vol. V, pp. 189-190). Large series of specimens received at 

 later dates establish the fact of the specific distinctness of this bird 

 from L. tephrocotis, and i)oint to its nearer relationship with the Kamts- 

 chatkan L. hrunne'muclia. 



On the 20th of September, 1870, Dr. F. V. Hayden, the well-known 

 explorer, obtained on the Uintah Mountains, in Utah, a specimen, which 

 was described, in the "History of North American Birds," as the young 

 of L. lephrocotis — with the remark that " were it not unmistakably a 

 bird of the year, it would be considered almost a distinct species, so 

 different is it from adult specimens of tephrocotisJ^ It was not in the 

 first plumage, however, but had just assumed the adult livery, with the 

 peculiar features of the winter-dress. It was, however, only considered 

 to be an abnormal specimen of the common species, until, in the sum- 

 mer of 1874, the writer received, from Mr. Charles E. Aiken, of Fount- 

 ain, Colorado, four specimens of what was evidently the same species 

 in the spring-plumage. The species was accordingly described as JO. 

 atrctta, UidgwaY, ill the " American Sportsman " for July 18, 1874 (p 

 241). 



The following is believed to be a nearly complete bibliography of the 

 literature bearing directly upon the birds of this genus : 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1831. 



SwAiNSON, William, and Eichaedson, John. Fauna Boreali- Ameri- 

 cana, vol. II. The Birds, p. 265. [First species of the genus described 

 as Linaria {Leucosticte) teplirocotis Swains., from a single specimen 

 killed on the Saskatchewan, May, 1827.] 



Pallas, Petro. Zoographia Eosso-Asiatica, II, 1831. [On pp. 21- 

 23, '■'Passer arctous,^^ with several " varieties " from the Kurile Islands 

 and Unalashka, is discussed. Var. /3 1 (p. 22), from the Kuriles, is 

 very probably jC. atrata ; if not this, is one unnamed. Var. /9. 2 (also 

 from the Kuriles, p. 22), reads very much like L. australis. Var. ;' (p. 

 23, tab. xl) is L. griseinucha.] 



1838. 



Bonaparte, C. L. A Geographical and Comparative List of the Birds 

 of Europe and North America. London, Van Voorst, 1838. [Ery- 

 throspiza teplirocotis, p. 34.] 



1839. 



Audubon, John James. A Synopsis of the Birds of North America. 

 [On p. 126, Swainson's specimen is redescribed as Eri/thropiza tepJiro- 

 cotis, Swains.] 



Ornithological Biography ; or, an Account of the Habits of the 



Birds of the United States of America, accompanied by Descriptions 

 of the Objects represented in the Work entitled f' The Birds of 

 America," V, p. 232, pi. cccxxiv. 



