56 



localities.* The type of L. tephrocotis was a male, killed on the Saskat- 

 chewan in May (see Faun. Bor.-Am., II, p. 266), in which the ash formed a 

 narrow nuchal band.t Iq L. griseinucJia, a more northern form, the gray 

 involves nearly the whole head and the throat,| and in L. Uttoralis and 

 campestris there is more gray on the head than in tephrocotis, and they 

 also appear to be more northern in their distribution. In view of these 

 facts, it seems probable that the Mount Lincoln specimens represent the 

 smaller, brighter-colored, southern race, in which the ash of the head 

 has entirely disappeared." [In this connection, see pp. 58, 59, of this 

 monograph.] 



1872. 



CouES, Elliott. " Key to North American Birds," p. 130. [Species 

 admitted, (1) L. tephrocotis, Swains., and (2) L. arctoa, Pall. ; under 

 the former are ranged, as geographical races, var. campestriSy Baird ; 

 var. ^memwc/ia, Brandt ; and var. Uttoralis, Baird. A note in the 

 "Appendix " (p. 352) reads thus : " It is hardly necessary to recognize 

 by name more than one variety of this bird ; 'campestris* being re- 

 ferred to tephrocotis i^roper, and 'littoralis' to var. griseinucliar] 



. 1873. 



Dall, W. H. Notes on the Avifauna of the Aleutian Islands, from 

 Unalashka eastward. <Pr. Calif. Acad. Sci. (adv. paper,. February 8, 

 1873, p. 11). [Describes nest and eggs of i. griseinucha on p. 3.] 



EiDawAY, Robert. "The Birds of Colorado."<Bullietih Essex Insti- 

 tute, vol. Y, Nov., 1873. [On p. 189, L. tephrocotis var. australiSyAuJE^ 

 (MS. name) is characterized, being a new form from JMount Liucolu, 

 Colorado.] 



CouES, Elliott. A Check List of North American Birds. Salem, 



. Naturalists' Agency, 1873. [Two species of Leucosticte are catalogued, 



viz, L. tephrocotis, S^v. (No. 114), and L. arctoa (Pall), (No. 115). The 



former has a var. griseinucha, Brandt (No. 111''). The latter is not a 



, North American Bird, and belongs to the subgenus HypoUa..} ,■::.:>, i; f> 



1871. 



Baird, Spencer F., Brewer, Thomas M., and Eidg^vay. Eobert. 

 " A History of North American Birds," vol. II, pp. 502-509. [The 

 only species recognized as North American is L. tephrocotis, S wains., 

 with var. campestris, Baird, var. Uttoralis, Baird, and xnY.griseimichai, 

 Brandt, as geographical races ; a synoptical table of these is given 

 on pp. 503, 501. The form now known as L. austraUs (Allen) was 

 described in foot-note on pp. 501, 505, as being the breeding-plumage 

 of L. tephrocotis — a supposition since proven to be entirely erroneous. 

 L. atrata, Eidgw., of the present monograph was described on p. 505 

 as the young of L. tephrocotis ! The former error was corrected in the 

 appendix (vol. Ill, p. 509), though the form was only admitted to the 

 rank of a geographical race, and called L. tephrocotis var. austraUs,. 

 Allen.] 



* On the contrary, taking the three forms tephrocotis, littoralis, and (jriseinucha, which 

 seem all to be referable to one species (L. tephrocotis), the most northern (griseinucha) of the 

 two gray-cheeked forms has less gray on the head than the southern onQ {littoralis) ; in the 

 former, the throat being always black, while in the latter it is sometimes entirely, and often 

 mostly, ash; the northern form is also very much more brightly-colored than the southern 

 one. — R. R. 



tReference to this plate shows that Richardson's specirnen had a Hack bill ; in this, as well 

 as in all other respects, corresponding with spring-specimens from Colorado. — R. R. 



+ The throat is always black ! 



