75 



and south-eastward in winter (Kadiak, Alaska, February 24, Bisch- 

 OFF; Sitka, Alaska, January, Bischoff ; Fort Simpson, British Co- 

 lumbia, Hepburn; Lake Tahoe, Sierra Kevada, winter, fide Cooper; 

 Virginia City, jS"evada, January 5, EmawAY; Camp Harney, Oregon, 

 December-February, Captain Bendire ; Fort Saunders, Wyoming, 

 February-March, A. G.Brackett; Gilmer, Wyoming, February, H. R. 

 Durkee ; Colorado, January 4-April 18, Aiken and Mrs. Maxwell. 



Sp. ch. — Adult : Entire head except the forehead and throat (and some- 

 times also the throat) gray ; sexes exactly alike. Wing, 3.80-4.30 (4.03) ; 

 tail, 2.70-3.30 (2.95) ; culmen, .40-.o0 (.46) ; tarsus .75-.85 (.77 ) ; mid- 

 dle toe, .50-.62 (.59).* 



Male : General color usually' deep reddish-chocolate, but varying to 

 rufous-umber and chestnut ; throat usually gray and black mixed, 

 rarely uniformlv either. Wing, 3.90-4.30 (4.03) ; tail, 2.70-3.15 (2.95) ; 

 culmen, .45-.50 (.47) ; tarsus, .75-,82 (.79) ; middle toe, .55-.60 (.59).t 



Female : Colors similar to those of the male. Wing, 3.95-4.10 (4.07) ; 

 tail, 2.70-3.10 (2.98) ; cujmen, .45-.50 (.47) ; tarsus, .75-.85 (.79) ; mid- 

 dle toe, .55-.60 (.59).t 



Young, Isot seen ! 



In the winter-season, the bill is yellow, black- tipped, until about the 

 latter part of February or the beginning of March, when it begins to 

 be stained or clouded with dusky ; in April, it is uniform dusky, with 

 a horny shade on the lower mandible, and by May has become deep 

 black. 



Corresponding with the darkening of the bill is a heightening of the 

 tint of the red markings, which, from peach-blossom pink in winter, be- 

 come soft dilute carmine in spring and deeper carmine in summer; in 

 the same degree, the brown feathers lose the pale margins characteris- 

 tic of the winter-plumage. 



In regard to the two sexes, as compared to one another, there is the 

 same absolute similarity in appearance and size that exists in griseinu- 

 clia and teplirocotis; many females being more brightly colored, and some 

 larger, than some males. The apparently larger average of the dimen- 

 sions of the female indicated in the above measurements is no doubt 

 due to the small number of specimens of the sex examined. 



In its most extreme form, this race has the entire head gray, except 

 the usual black j^atch on the forehead ; and even this is occasionally 

 nearly obsolete. The average style, however, has the frontal black patch 

 well defined and conspicuous, and the throat about equally clouded with 

 gray and black. 



In true littoralis, there is no admixture of brown feathers in the cheeks 

 or auriculars, all such specimens being of the ^^ca7npestris'^f style — a 

 condition intermediate between Uttoralis and teplirocotis, and unstable as 

 a race from the fact that scarcely two specimens are alike. Only eleven 

 of the fifty-four specimens are of this latter character, forty-three being 

 typical representatives of pure Uttoralis. Of these, only eight exam- 

 ples have the throat destitute of any admixture of gray ; the throat 

 is entirely gray in two of them, the remainder having the gray and 

 black of proportionate amount varying according to the individual. 



The series of aberrant individuals representing the transition to tepli- 

 rocotis is composed of eleven specimens, eight of which are marked as 

 follows: jSTo. 41527, Nat. Mus., Denver, Colorado, January, Dr. Wernigk; 



* Measurements of 48 specimens, t Measurements of 7 specimens, t See synonomy of 

 Tar. Uttoralis. 



