107 



to each other, and without a calcar.* Teeth encased in enamel, f of 

 three kinds, {i. e., molars, canines, and incisors,) but more or less modified 

 in form, and diphyodont; molars typically with sharp and pointed cusps; 

 lower jaw with the condyles well defined, more or less transverse, and 

 received into special glenoid sockets-l Placenta discoidal deciduate. 



SUBORDERS 



I. Insectivores with members modified for flight or progression in the air, the limbs 

 being much elongated and very slender, and connected by an extension of the 

 skin, which involves the wrists and ankles and advances forwards to the neck, 

 and backwards, inclosing the tail. Lower jaw with the condylar portion extended 

 outwards. Incisor teeth of lower jaw palmate, deeply pectinated ; incisors of 

 upper jaw, as well as anterior molars of both, compressed, and with their crests 

 multicuspid. 



DERMOPTERA. 



II. Insectivores with members modified for walking or progression on the ground, 

 the limbs being comparatively short and robust, and free. Lower jaw with the 

 condylar portion not extended outwards. Incisor teeth of lower jaw conical, not 

 pectinated ; incisors of upper jaws, as well as anterior molars of both, more or 

 less conical, and with their crowns unilobate. 



BESTIAE. 

 DERMOPTERA seu PTEROPHORA. 



I. GALEOPITHECIDAE. 



Galeopithecus, Pallas, 1780,=Lemur, Storr, 1780, (not Linn.)§ 

 Galeopithecus (Galeopithecus), Gray. 

 Galeopithecus (Colugo), Gray. 

 Galeolemur, Lesson, Gray. 



BESTIAE seu INSECTIVORA VERA. 



FAMILIES. 



I. Molars (i. e., true molars), broad : upper severally with two completely separated 

 areas (anterior and posterior), forming (1 ) more or less triangular prisms narrowed 

 inwards, or (2) subequal halves; lower with two subequal halves (anterior 

 and posterior), the posterior being almost as much developed as the anterior, tri- 

 angular, and narrowed outwards. 



la. Intestinal canal with a large caecum. (Pubic symphysis, attypically, 

 elongated.) (Tupaioidea.) 

 2a. Squirrel-like, with soft pelage, adapted for arboreal life, and with the 

 hind legs moderately developed. Tibia and fibula separate. Metatarsus 

 moderate (little or no longer than tarsus). Skull with dorsum of muzzle 

 transversely convex ; orbit more or less encircled by bone ; suboptic 

 foramen none; alisphenoid canal developed ; malar perforate ; lachrymal 

 foramen at margin or outside of orbit. Teeth: I., |- C, -f; Pm., f ; 

 M., |- X 2 ; " upper molars with four more or less marked cusps and an 

 external cingulum, which tends to form, with the two outer principal 

 cusps, two triangular prisms ;" canine more or less remote from the pre- 

 maxillary suture. 



TTJPAIIDAE 



2b. Mouse-like, with soft pelage, adapted for leaping, and with the hinder 

 limbs much elongated. Tibia and fibula anchylosed together below. 

 Metatarsus very elongated (much exceeding tarsus). Skull with dorsum 

 of muzzle transversely concave ; orbit not encircled by bone ; suboptic 

 foramen developed ; alisphenoid canal none ; malar imperforate ; lachry- 

 mal foramen within the margin of orbit. Teeth : I., f (-^) ; C, t ; Pm., 

 § ; M., f (-|) X 2 ; "tipper molars quadricuspid, the anterior and poste- 

 rioi cusps being connected by transverse ridges." 

 MACROSCELIDIDAE. 



* In all the characters cited in the first several paragraphs, the Insectivora differ from the 

 Cheiroptera. 



t In the investment of the teeth in enamel, the Insectivora differ from the Edentata. 



t In the character of the condyles and glenoid surfaces, the Insectivora differ from the 

 Glires ; at the same time, the character is not always well marked, as will be evident on in- 

 spection of the condyles in Talpidse. 



§ Skeleton, Biainv., Ost. Lemur, pi. 6. Skull, Blainv., Ost. Lemur, pi. 8, fig. 4 (above and 

 below). Vertebrae, Blainv., Ost. Lemur, pi. 9, fig. 1 and 2 (part). Limbs, Blainv., Ost. 

 Lemur, pi. 10, fig. 2, 3, .'), 8, 10 (part.) Teeth, Blainv., Ost. Lemur, pi. 1 1, fig. 8. 



