430 



Seymour, 180G.— The same, 8vo, London, li. Phillips, 1807.— The 

 same, mutilated, abri(l<?ed, and with irrelevant interpolation, 8vo, 

 London, 1803.— The same, 12mo, Philadelphia, H. Lester, 1809.— The 

 same, with slight modiflcation, 12m':), Baltimore, W. Fisher, 18 12 

 and 1813. — The same, with slight farther alteration, 16mo, Dayton, 

 B. F. Ells, 1840.— 8 editions. 



XL Gass' Journal, 12mo, Pittsburgh, D. M'Keehan, 1807. — The same, 

 ^'8vo, Pittsburgh, ]808" (not seen bv me.) — The same, "8vo, London, J. 

 Budd, 1808" (not seen bv me).— The same, 12mo, Philadelphia, M. 

 Carey, 1810, and " 1812" (latter not seen by me).— The same (?), " 8vo, 

 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1810" (French translation, not seen by me). — G 

 editions. 



III. The BiddleAUen authentic narrative, 2 vols., 8vo, Philadel- 

 phia, 1814. — The same, 4to, London, T. Rees, 1814. — The same, 3 vols., 

 8vo, London, T. Eees, 1815 and 1817. — The same (?), " 8vo, Weimar, 

 1815" (German translation, not seen by me). — The same, 3 vols., 8vo, 

 Dordrecht, A. Blusse & Zoon, 181C-18 (Dutch translation). — The same, 

 2 vols., 8vo, Dublin, J. Christie, 1817 (not seen by me). — The same, 

 abridged, with notes, 2 vols., 18mo, New York, Harper & Bro., 1842-75. — 

 21 editions. 



In all, 35 dififerent imprint.s of the three series of books, about 20 of 

 which may be considered as bona fide different editions. 



Having thus traced the history of the numerous " Lewis and Clarkes," 

 authentic, abridged, spurious, or collateral, I proceed to a commentary 

 on the zoological results of the expedition, as far as concerns the mam- 

 mals and birds, to which the authors' attention was mainly directed. 



PART IL— ZOOLOGICAL. 



The contribution to zoology made by Lewis and Clarke, though not 

 extensive, shares the interest which attaches to every result of this 

 unprecedented expedition, and assumes, moreover, great importance, in 

 the fact that to it we owe our first acquaintance with a large number of 

 species. It represented a decided advance upon the knowledge before 

 poSvsessed of this subject. Lewis and Clarke were the real discoverers, 

 and actually the original describers, of many animals with which their 

 names are seldom associated now in our acquired familiarity with the 

 same species under names subsequently bestowed by others. They 

 were not trained naturalists,* nor naturalists at all, excepting in so far 

 as good observers in any new field, keenly alive to the requirements 

 of the case, become naturalists as a matter of course. Unfortunately 

 for themselves, they imposed no scientific names, which throws them 

 out of the case in questions of nomenclature. But their descriptions, 

 characterized by a straightforward simplicity, and in general accurate, 

 suffice for the identification of most of their species, and matiy of them 

 are the whole basis of scientific terms afterward introduced into the 

 system. These descriptions of physical characters are often accom- 

 panied by notices of habits, of geographical distribution, economic im- 

 portance, &c. The authors seem to have paid more attention to the 

 mammals and birds than to other classes of animals, and were certainly 

 more successful in presenting them intelligibly. To these two classes, 

 therefore, attention will be here confined. 



It is my present purpose to notice in detail the sev^eral mammals and 

 birds described by Lewis and Clarke, dwelliug specially upon such as 

 were discovered by them, or those upon which species were subse. 



* Thus, " shell-tish "{AJoUusca) and whales are enumerated as fishes, and bats as birds. 



