431 



queutly established, whetlier rightly or not, in the recognized system of 

 nomenclature. 



It sboald be observed that attention is not to be restricted to the set 

 of formal general descriptions gathered in the special part of the work 

 above signalized ; fjr scattered throughoat the narrative are other 

 accounts sometimes quite as much to the point. Nearly all the animals 

 mentioned are, however, brought together in the chai)ter specially 

 devoted to this purpose, though there are some notable exceptions. 



The writer who imposed most of the names which have been based 

 primarily and exclusively upon Lewis and Clarke was, as will be seen, 

 Mr. George Ord. This was done in the zoological portion of the second 

 American edition of Guthrie's Geography,* second volume, a work 

 which appeared in 1815, thus immediately after the iirst authentic 

 edition of the narrative. The article in question remained obscure, 

 being seldom if ever quoted, until brought into its proper light by 

 Prof. S. F. Baird, in his studies of American Mammals and Birds 

 (1857 and 1858). About the same time, or shortly afterward, some of 

 Lewis and Clarke's species fell in the way of C. S. Kafinesque, who also 

 based some names, generic and specific, upon their descrii)tions, and in 

 so doing gave trouble, much as usual. The narrative, becoming at once 

 widely known, has continued to be freely cited to the present day. 



In the account with which I continue, four leading editions of the 

 authentic narrative are quoted by pages, and are severally distinguished 

 as follows : — 



"A/Zew" signifies the original 2-vol. American edition, of 1814. 



'•'■Bees, 4to," signifies the first English edition, of the same date. 



^'Rees, 8vo," signifies the second English, 3- vol., 8vo edition, of 1815. 



"Ji' Viclcar''^ signifies the last American, 2-vol., 18mo edition, of 1842-75. 



1. — Mammals. 



Lewis and Clarke divide the quadrupeds of the country from the 

 Eocky Mountains to the Pacific into (1) the domestic and (2) the wild. 

 Of the former only the horse and dog are mentioned. Of (2) are given 

 -"the brown, white, or grisly bear, the black "bear; the deer, common' 

 red deer, the black-tailed deer, the mule deer, the elk, the wolves, the 

 large brown wolf, the small wolf of the j)lains, the large wolf of the 

 plains, the tyger-cat, the foxes, the common red fox, the silver fox, the 

 fisher or black fox, the large red fox of the plains, the kit-fox, or the 

 small fox of the plains, the antelope, the sheep, beaver, common otter, 

 sea-otter, mink, seal, racoon, squirrels, large gray squirrel, small gray 

 squirrel, small brown squirrel, ground squirrel, braro, rat, mouse, mole, 

 panther, hare, rabbit, polecat or skunk." (Allen, ii. 165.) 



• 



^^Broivn, White, or Grisly BearP 



Allen, ii. 165 (cf. op. cit. i. 200, 207, 214, 216, 265, 281 ; ii. 287, 303, 

 342, 395).— Eees, 4to, 462 (cf. op. cit. 147, 157, 158, 202, 208, 553, 565, 

 593, 632).— Eees, 8vo, iii. 25 (cf. op. cit. 273, 284, 292, 296, 362, 388 ; 



* This book is rare: I have seen but oue copy. The title is "A new | Geographical' 

 Historical, | and | Commercial Grammar; | and present state of the | several Kingdoms 

 of the World. | Contaiuins, | [then follows summary of contents, &c., too long to quote]. 

 Johnson and Warner. Philadelphia. 1815. 8vo. 2d vol. prel. pp., pp. 1-603, maps. Mr. 

 Ord's zoological matter will be found at pp. 290-361. It consists of compiled nominal 

 lists of vertebrates, followed by a general running account of some of them. Many 

 new species are named, especially of mammals and birds. 



