482 



iii. 193, 215, 294, 340, 341).— :\I'Vickar, ii. 340 (cf. op. cit. i. 189, 195, 198, 

 200, 227, 240 ; ii. 225, 235, 264, 299). 



Ursus horribilis, Ord, Guthrie's Geog. ii. 1815, 291, 299. 



Ursus ferox, Eichardson, Fn. Bor.-Am. i. 1829, 24. pi. 1. 



Ursus candescens, H. Smith, Griff. Guv. ii. 1827, 229; v. 1827, 112; plate 

 from Lewis and Clarke's specimen. 



Lewis and Clarke's accounts furnish the basis of Ord's name. They 

 are quoted by Richardson as authors of the name Ursus ferox ; but as I 

 fail to find any such name after diligent search in all the places of the 

 several editions where the species is mentioned (vide the quotations 

 above), it seems probable that "Ursus ferox" is merely a latin transla- 

 tion of the vernacular. The Grizzly Bear was found to be so numerous 

 and so fierce, especially in the Upper Missouri region, as to form a serious 

 impediment to progress, and an enemy that not seldom endangered the 

 lives of members of the party. The authors carefully distinguish it 

 from the following species, in all its great variety of color, which they 

 are at pains to describe repeatedly, laying special stress upon size and 

 form of the feet and claws, dimensions and general build, inability to 

 climb tress, ferocity, and tenacity of life. 



''Black Bear:^ 



Allen, ii. 166.— Rees, 4to, 463.— Rees, 8vo, iii. 25.— M'Vickar, ii. 340. 



Ursus americanus, Pallas, Spic. Zool. xiv. 1780, and of authors. 



Black Bear, Pennant, Hist. Quad. 1781, No. 174 ; Arct. Zool. i. 1784, 57. 



Referred by the authors to the common specy?s of the United States; 

 sta to inhabit timbered portions of the Rocky Mountains, and bor- 

 ders of the Columbia Plains, as well as thj tract thenaa to the Pacific. 



" Common Red DeerP 



Allen, ii, 166.— Rees, 4to, 463.— Rees, 8vo, iii. 26.— M'Vickar, ii. 341. 



Cervus macrourus, Rafinesque, Am. Month. Mag. i. 1817, 436. 



Cervus leucurus, Dough, Zool. Journ. iv. 1829, 330. 



Giving the habitat of this deer to be from the Rocky Mountains to 

 the Pacific, the authors state that it does not appear to differ essen- 

 tially from that of the United States (i. e., C. virginianus), " being the 

 same in shape, size, and appearance. The tail is, however, different, 

 which is of unusual length, far exceeding that of the common deer. Cap- 

 tain Lewis measured one, and found it to be 17 inches long." The two 

 names above quoted have been based upon this deer of the West ; 

 Douglas's referring more particularly to the Pacific animal, while Ra- 

 finesque's (which has priority) rests upon an uncertain description by 

 Leraye, of an animal from the Missouri region. The great length of thC' 

 tail ascribed by Lewis and Clarke has been found not to hold in all 

 cases, the tail being usually but 12 or 14 inches long, and thus little- 

 more than that of the ordinary C. virginianus. Naturalists are now 

 reverting to the original opinion of Lewis and Clarke that the animal 

 cannot be specifically sei)arated from the last named. For those who 

 wish to recognize varietal distinction, the name macrourus of Rafinesque 

 is available, having priority over leucurns of Douglas. The deer is 

 given as (7. virginianus macriirus by Dr. Yarrow and myself in a vol- 

 ume now about issuing from the press (December, 1875). 



" Black-tailed Falloic Deer.''^ 



Allen, ii. 106.— Rees, 4to, 463.— Rees, 8vo, iii. 25.— M'Vickar, ii. 341. 

 Cervus macrotis var. columhianus, Rich., Fn. Bor.-Am. i. 1820, 255^ 

 1. 20. 



