J 38 



KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



GKOI^OGICAI^ CHART; 



Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and tlie "Zoic Calendar of Ci-eation," Compiled 

 from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Haeokel, Dana, LeConte, anrl other first rank authorities in 

 Science at the present time. By Hiram A. Rbid, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Des Moines, 

 Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.] 



Explanation. — Tlie side line 

 at Hie lefr, shows wbat portions of 

 geological time are comprehended 

 in the terms "eozoic," "paleo- 

 zoic," etc. The first column 

 shows the periods or "Ages" of 

 geological time during which the 

 diderent successive types of ani- 

 mal life predominated, or were the 

 highest types then in existence. 

 And these two divisions form the 

 "Zoic Calendar of Creation." 



The second column shows the 

 great general groupings of rock 

 strata, in which are found the fossil 

 remains of the corresponding ani- 

 mal types named in the. first col- 

 umn.' But, at tne "Age of Rep- 

 tiles" occurs a grand divergemeut, 

 for it was during this age that an- 

 imal life pushed out into its most 

 vronderful developments; and 

 there came into existence strange 

 and marvelous forms of swimming 

 reptiles, four-footed and two-foot- 

 ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- 

 ed and four-footed flying reptiles. 

 Here also the true birds began to 

 appear, though with reptilian pe- 

 culiarities; and likewise the mar- 

 supial animals, which are a tran- 

 sitional type, between rentiles 

 that produce their young by laying 

 eggs and the true mammals, that 

 bring forth their young well ma- 

 tured and then suckle them. 



The third column shows the les 

 ser siroupings of rock beds as clas- 

 sified by our American geologists ; 

 but many minor subdivisions and 

 local groups are omitted lor want 

 of spa'ce. At the top of this col- 

 umn are shown the geological pe- 

 riods of first appearjnce ol races 

 of man, so far as now auihentica- 

 ted by competent scientific au- 

 thorities.* 



The fourth column shows the 

 number of feel in thicljiiess of the 

 different groups of rock layers as 

 indicated by the braces. 



This Chart is the most compre- 

 hensive and thorough in its de- 

 tails, and yet the most systemati- 

 cally and graphically presented to 

 the eje, of anything in its line 

 that has ever yet been published. 

 Here is the whole story of geol- 

 ogy and the ascent of life con- 

 densed into the space of a few 

 inches, yet so plainly set forth as 

 to readily fix itself in the memory 

 like an outline map. Scientific 

 terms in newspapers and maga- 

 zines often catch the reader at a 

 disadvantage; but a reference lo 

 this chart will at once show the 

 relative place or period in crea- 

 tional progress to which the best 

 authorized geological terms apply. 

 It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, 

 from the lowest inklings to the 

 highest ideals of life on the earth, 

 as taught by modern science and 

 the Christian Bible. 



THIS CALE.»*DAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD 



30,000 



f 350,000,000 years in coolino- 1 



' down to'200»'F. at the sur- V Depth 



face [Prof. Helmholtz], a r "" ^-".^r.™ 



temperature at which very I 



low forms of veiretation can 



* " The existence of Pliocene man in Tuscany is, then, in mv opinion, an aoriuired scientific fact." — See Appletons' International Scientific 

 Series, Vol. XXVII, p. 1.51. "The Miocene man of La Baauce already knew the use of fire, and worked flint." — lb. p. 243. See also. Prof 

 WincheU's "Pre-Adamites," pp. 4i'i;-7-8 . " The h iman r.^c3 in Amarica is sho.vn to be at least of as anciant a d.ate as that of the European 

 Pliocene."— Prof. J.D.Whitney. Similar views are lield by Profs. Leidy, Marsh, Cope, Morse, Wyman, and other scientists of highest repute. 



