A STUDY IN BIOL OGY. 265 



law and philosophy of evolution with the grand distinguishing doctrine of the 

 Christian Bible, that there is a " natural (or carnal) man," and there is a "spirit- 

 ual man." 



As confirmatory of the doctrine involved in the above calendar, I will make 

 a few citations from writers whose eminent rank both as scientists and Christian 

 men, no one can question. 



INSENTIA AND UNISENTIA. 



Prof. Rolleston, in "Forms of Animal Life," says: "But it must be said 

 that there are organisms which at one period of their life exhibit an aggregate of 

 phenomena, such as to justify us in speaking of them as animals, whilst at anoth- 

 er they appear to be as distinctly vegetable. * * If it should prove to 

 be true that organisms as high in the scale as the Amoebina and Actinophryna 

 can have their development traced back to the specialization of protoplasm with- 

 in vegetable cells, it would appear to be necessary to adopt a phraseology which 

 should speak of such creatures as being at one time plants, and at another, 

 animals." 



Prof. Sanborn Tenney, late of Williams College, in his "Elements of Zoolo- 

 gy," says : " It is pretty clearly demonstrated that all animals, even the highest 

 forms, begin their embryonic existence as mere particles or aggregated particles 

 of protoplasm, and that out of this 'primitive indifferent tissue,' as it has been 

 called, all the cells and tissues, and parts of the animal body are evolved. * 

 * It must be added here, however, that at its very beginning the ovum or 

 egg itself is something even much simpler than a cell, being merely a minute 

 particle of fluid matter — that is, mere protoplasm." — pp. 14 and 15. 



Prof. James D. Dana, of Yale College, in his " Manual of Geology," which 

 is the standard text-book in all our higher institutions of learning, says : "The 

 system of life began in the simple sea-plant and the lower forms of animals, and 

 ended in man." — p. 593 " The evolution of the system of life went forward 

 through the derivation of species from species, according to natural methods not 

 yet clearly understood." — p. 603. 



"An animal without limbs, without any sense beyond t^e general sense of 

 feeling ; without a circulating system ; without even a stomach except such as it 

 may extemporize when needed, and with the work of digestion, respiration and 

 reproduction performed by the same protoplasmic material that makes up the 

 mass of the body of the infinitesimal Rhizopod, is, as to complexity of organi- 

 zation, but little removed from a germ ; and such, we have reason to believe, zvas 

 the beginning of the system of animal life." — Dana's Manual p. 595. 



" The whole animal kingdom is the display of a few comprehensive structural 

 types, the simpler forms of which appeared in early time, and the more complex 

 came forth successively afterward. Some new organs were required in the high- 

 est manifestations of a type. But these were only developments through modifi- 

 cation of the older, or better appliances evolved from the structure for carrying 

 forward old processes." — Dana, p. 594. 



