THE STUDY OF MANKIND. 333 



Germany, but in a dolomitic limestone of the lower Carboniferous series. The 

 mineral is rich in bitumen, of less fusible quality than the bitumens of France 

 and Switzerland, and has not been produced in the compressed form. It is ex- 

 tensively made into mastic, the fabrication of which already amounts to ten thou- 

 sand tons a year, and is rapidly increasing. — La Nature. 



ANTHROPOLOGY. 



THE STUDY OF MANKIND. 



BY ALEXANDER WINCHELL. 



* * The science of man in its broad sense is understood to embrace 

 the comparative anatomy of races, their intellectual, moral, social, religious and 

 industrial conditions, and the progressive development of modern conditions out 

 of primitive conditions. The search for primitive conditions leads us into the 

 field of archseology, both historic and prehistoric. The study of the evolution 

 of modern conditions necessitates the discovery of the organic principles of 

 sociology and religious life ; and the special operation of these principles among 

 the several varieties and conditions of mankind, united with the structural char- 

 acteristics of races, brings into requisition the whole of the well recognized science 

 of ethnology. Anthropology, in this broad and just, and important sense, is a 

 new science, constituted during the lifetime of the present generation. 



It is this science which Mr. Tylor undertakes to pioneer into popular favor 

 and acquaintanceship. His researches and writings for many years past have 

 given him a masterly familiarity with the sociological, industrial and religious 

 aspects of humanity in primitive conditions; and if he is not an equal master of 

 ethnology and archaeology, he is at least a fit person to offer the general reader 

 this Introduction. The field of anthropology is vast, and the present work at- 

 tempts little more than to guide the reader to its borders and point out its extent 

 and attractiveness. A happy preliminary chapter affords a conspectus of the 

 materials and methods of investigation. It directs attention to the familiar facts 

 of racial, linguistic, and cultural differentiations, on which may be based well- 

 known inferences concerning the laws of divergences, and the high antiquity 

 from which they must have proceeded. The body of the work begins with a 

 comparison between man and the lower animals in respect to bodily structure 

 and psychic powers. Mr. Taylor is quite positive that the higher attributes of 

 man are possessed in the germ by some of the orders beneath him, holding that 

 even lower animals have the faculty of forming some of the simplest abstract con- 

 ceptions. The chapter devoted to human races, while neither full nor original, is 

 copiously illustrated by fresh and telling portraits which supply large deficiencies 



