COLOR-BLINDNESS AND EDUCATION OF COLOR-SENSE. 377 



is not based upon any standard of purity, or even with ordinary care, its density 

 cannot be given with any certainty, though it varies from 0.9943 to 1.0200 (" La 

 Esquela de Medicina"). To-day it is attracting the attention of the medical fra- 

 ternity because of the evil effects upon the liver caused by its excessive use 

 among the lower classes, not, however, in the light of pulque as a compound, 

 but because of the evil effects of the alcohol which it contains. It is therefore 

 proposed to adopt some other form of manufacture that a much lower percent- 

 age of alcohol may enter into its composition, according to a fixed standand, and 

 thus avoid the evils of alcoholism. — By^ E. E. Riopel, M. D., in the Therapeutic 

 Gazette. 



THE TENURE OF LIFE. 



An industrious German, Baron G. F. Kolb has lately compiled a book of 

 universal statistics which furnishes much food for thought. His figures show 

 that every advance made by a people in morality, in profitable and healthy em- 

 ployment, and useful knowledge brings it nearer to the ideal — the greatest nat- 

 ural tenure of life. Domestic virtue also tells favorably on the health and wealth 

 of a population. Thus in Bavaria, out of 1,000 children born alive there died, 

 of legitimate children, 248 boys and 212 girls; of illegitimate, 361 boys and 342 

 girls. Out of 100 children suckled by their mothers, only 18.2 died during the 

 first year; of those nursed by wet nurses, 29.33 -died; of those artificially fed, 60 

 died; of those brought up in institutions, 80 died in the 100. The influence of 

 prosperity or poverty on mortality is also shown by Baron Kolb. Taking 1,000 

 well-to-do persons and another 1,000 of poor — after five years there remained 

 alive of the prosperous, 943; of the poor 655. After fifty years there remained 

 of the prosperous, 557 ; of the poor, 283 ; at seventy years of age there remained 

 235 of the prosperous, and of the poor, 65. The average length of life among 

 the well-to-do was 50 years, and among the poor 32 years. 



One of the most potent shorteners of life is the anxiety of providing for bare 

 subsistence. The lack of sanitary conditions also shortens man's years. Idle- 

 ness, as compared to intense industry, outweighs — prejudicially outweighs — all 

 the advantages of ease and abundance. — Scientific American. 



COLOR-BLINDNESS AND EDUCATION OF COLOR-SENSE. 



The examination instituted by Dr. B. Joy Jeffries among the pupils in the 

 schools of Boston (including 14,469 boys and young men, and 13,458 girls and 

 young women) have shown that about one male person in twenty-five is color- 

 blind, while the defect occurs with extreme rarity in girls and women (only 0.066 

 per cent, of the female pupils in the schools). The researches that have been 



