436 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 



with the necessary appliances. But with animal nature, guided alone by instinct, 

 within very narrow limits, there is no possibility of change, or of extending the 

 range of the capabilities given by nature. The elephant can not fly, nor can the 

 tiger eat grass like the ox. The bear of the pole can not live beneath the sun of 

 the tropics, nor the fish of the sea upon dry land. Each brute must carry out the 

 single purpose of his life, and must tread the one path marked out for him in the 

 original plan. When we consider man, however, we find another structure and 

 functions, and vastly greater capabilities. 



To the body, with its organs and functions and all the so-called natural in- 

 stincts, is added the mind with all its powers of thought, will and passion. With 

 a body, not especially fitted for any one sphere of activity, or style of life, but 

 wonderfully adapted for all, is joined an intellect to provide the means for any 

 sort of action or change, a will to carry out any proposed deflection from ordi- 

 nary animal life and a power of judgment to decide what to do for the body at 

 all times, and in all places, thus to protect it from what might be the direful conse- 

 quences of extensive changes. To illustrate — instead of being furnished with a 

 covering of hair, feathers, or scales, man is given ability to make clothing for 

 himself, and to adapt it to the conditions of the surrounding atmosphere. With- 

 out being limited in his diet to herbs or to flesh, he is given his choice, and 

 delicate sensibilities of taste, with reason to guide it. He is not made swift of 

 foot to flee from his enemies; not provided with natural weapons to protect him- 

 self from them, but is given inventive powers whereby he can procure for himself 

 the swiftest locomotion and the surest tools of defense. 



Now this connection of mind and matter — and all philosophy since the world 

 began has never been able to say how or where it is made — is not a simple co- 

 partnership, entered into by the mind on the one side and the body on the other, 

 for mutual benefit, and from which either partner may withdraw at pleasure, but 

 wherever it is made, or however the bond is cemented, it is absolute, indissoluble 

 and ending only with death. It is a union in which the one party is dependent 

 on the other, and when one suffers the other feels the result. In this is the need, 

 and in this the reason for physical culture. Men can not forget their bodies, for 

 upon them equally with dependence upon their mental qualifications depend the 

 hopes they may have for the highest attainments. An even, perfect balance of 

 all powers is the thing to be sought after. A fine mind in a misshapen, weak, 

 or undeveloped body is the mournful sight, too often seen, which comes as a re- 

 sult of a neglect of some law of nature, and a huge body, or even a graceful and 

 highly developed one, coupled with a shallow brain is just as surely the result of 

 negligence or malicious training. Remembering then, that when we attempt 

 physical culture our object should be to make the body the fit companion and 

 dwelling-place of a well-cultured intellect, and that that intellect may have the 

 fullest powers of endurance, quickness and energy at its command, and that 

 when we seek mental culture we are but perfecting the engine that it may produce 

 the most, and the most perfect results from its machinery, the body, we are 

 prepared to consider what constitutes proper physical culture and how it may be 



