theory satiefy the conditions that impartial 

 observers immediately set it down as a proved 

 hypothesis. The faot of its being so is shown 

 in the unusual course of the Canadian Gov- 

 ernmeno geological survey in publishing Mr. 

 Upham'a report of 156 pages, though the 

 author belonged to a foreign service. 

 This course seems to have displeased 

 some members of our geological stafiF. To 

 any one who examines the two pages (113 and 

 114) of observations as to glacial striae, and 

 finds such an entry as "Between the Hudson 

 bay and Lake Winnipeg, along the Severn, 

 Fawn, Poplar and Beren's rivers, on almost 

 all exposed rock surfaces (A. P. Low) the 

 glacial striae run S.W." ; and also (page 115) 

 "On the east shore of Lake Winnipeg between 

 the Narrows and the mouth of Winnipeg 

 river at numerous localities the glacial striae 

 are S W,," it must be evident that in its 

 course the tremendous ice sheet could not 

 have done other than scoop out Lake Winni 

 peg. We may, however, admit the possibility 

 of there having been in the pre- glacial age a 

 river valley to begin with. 



4. Mr. Tyrrell says: "Finally, it would be 

 interesting to know if the lecturer has any 

 evidence of the "Trenton" age of the rocks 

 beneath the city of Winnipeg, as a specimen 

 received from a well bored at the water works 

 at Armstrong's point consists of soft and 

 argillite, bhe same as that at Stony mountain, 

 and clearly indicates, in default of evidence to 

 the contrary, the Hudson river age ot the 

 rock immediately underlying the drift and 

 alluvium on which Winnipeg is built." 



The discussion at this point was as to the 

 occurrences of the "Trenton" rock from which 

 natural gas is supposed to come. Dr. Dawson 

 shows that there is " Trenton" at Rosenfeld 

 south of Winnipeg); it is shown by Prof. Pan ton 

 and others that the Trenton is found at Sn. And- 

 rews (north of Winnipeg). Mr. Tyrrell says 

 probably Hudson river bed immediately 

 underlying the drift at Winnipeg ; and since 

 Trenton underlies Hudson river it is almost a 

 certainty that the Trenton lies below Winni- 

 peg and can be reached by boring. 



5. Mr. Tyrrell says : "It is also stated 

 that 'some marbles occur on Lake Manitoba,' 

 whereas it is quite ceroain that nc such rock 

 is found anywbere around that lake, and, in 

 tact, there is no crystalline limestone or 

 'marble' known anywhere in Manitoba up to 

 the present time." 



Prof. Hind states that he found on St. 

 Martin's lake, which is connected with Lake 

 Mani boba by the short Partridge Crop river, 

 and which is also connected wibh Lake Win- 

 nipeg, "partially metamorphostd sandstone 

 rooks," at one point the "rock approaches the 

 character of gneiss," "an inland consists of 

 gneiss with large quartz veins meandering 

 through it," while further on wore found 

 "fragments of silicious limestone." It is 

 locally believed that there is crystalline lime- 

 stone in that region, and certainly the condi- 

 tions described by Prof. Hind favor this 

 view. These are all the matters raised in 

 Mr. Tyrrell's criticism, and it will be seen 

 that they are almost all debatable points. 



Gkorgh Bbyce. 



Manitoba college, Winnipeg, Deo. 31. 



