^8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES 



. and below with the posjierior part of the internal surface 

 of each lung. The arch of the aorta separates it from the 

 left lung at the level of the fourth vertebra. At the level 

 of the fifth thoracic vertebra it is separated from the pul- 

 monary artery by the bronchi and large bronchial lymph 

 glands. At this same level the aorta lies to its left, the cen- 

 trum of the vertebra behind it, and the vena azygos major 

 to its right. Below this level it is separated from the verte- 

 bral column by the vena azygos major, the thoracic duct 

 and the aorta, and is in contact anteriorly with the pos- 

 terior surface of the heart down to the diaphragm. Be- 

 low this it is in contact with the tuber omentale of the 

 left lobe of the liver. It is in contact with the lung on 

 either side in the region where it is anterior to the aorta 

 and vena azygos major. The thoracic duct lies behind 

 the oesophagus below the fourth thoracic vertebra, but 

 crosses its left side and lies anteroexternal to it above the 

 second thoracic vertebra. 



' ' ■ !;^ STOMACH -''"^ '' ' ' 



The stomach lies in the left hypochondriac and epigas- 

 tric regions. The fundus lies behind the left costal arch, 

 and, in the midclavicular line, rises to the fifth rib on a 

 level with the sixth sternochondral articulation. The car- 

 diac orifice lies in the midaxillary plane about 2 cm. to 

 the left of the midplane at the side of the upper half of the 

 tenth thoracic vertebra, behind the sixth and seventh left 

 costal cartilages near their jtmction with the sternum. 

 The pyloric orifice is about 4 cm. to the right of the mid- 

 plane at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. It is about 5 

 cm. in front of, 6 cm. to the right of, and 7 cm. below the 

 cardiac orifice. The lesser curvature, which is a direct con- 



