40 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES 



diaphragm above the disc between the eleventh and 

 twelfth vertebrae, but below this level they are separated 

 by the lienal recess of the lesser peritonaeal cavity. This 

 peritonaeal portion of the posterior surface of the stomach 

 is in relation with the pancreas, suprarenal gland, kidney 

 and spleen. The superior border of the pancreas crosses 

 the lower part of the stomach and separates it from a part 

 of the suprarenal gland, kidney and spleen. (Plates XVI, 

 XXVIII and XXXII.) Its anterior surface lies imme- 

 diately below this part of the stomach. The upper half of 

 thesuprarenal gland, lies between the stomach and the verte- 

 bral column and the medial border of the kidney. Postero- 

 external to the suprarenal area, also above the upper 

 boundary of the pancreas, the upper pole of the kidney is in 

 contact with the stomach. This area is bounded inferiorly 

 by the pancreas, internally by the suprarenal gland, super- 

 iorly by the upper limit of the kidney between the suprarenal 

 gland and the spleen, and externally by the spleen (Plates 

 XXVIII and XXXII). 



The pyloric portion of the stomach is in relation pos- 

 teriorly with the neck and head of the pancreas, the hepa- 

 toduodenal ligament and the first portion of the duodenum. 

 The greater curvature is bound closely to the transverse 

 colon by the great omentum. 



Cunningham, Addison^ and Ruedinger,^ place the car- 

 diac orifice higher than found in this subject. Merkel places 

 it at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, which is 

 several centimeters lower than most anatomists locate it. 

 The difference seems to be more in its relation to the verte- 



' Addison, C., On the topographical anatomy of the abdominal 



viscera in man. Journal of anat. & physiol., |XXXIII, XXXIV and 



XXXV. 



^ Riidinger, A., Cursus der topographischen anatomie. Miinchen, 

 1S99. 



