6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES 



their position are shown in the plates in dotted outlines. 



The projections were made from careful measurements 

 of the organs at the surface of the several sections. The 

 measurements were made by means of a plate of glass, the 

 surface of which was ruled with parallel lines 1 cm. apart. 

 The center line and every fifth line was colored to facili- 

 tate the reading. 



The ruled surface of the glass was placed upon the 

 drawing so that the lines would be in immediate contact 

 with the parts to be measured. To exclude errors, a dupli- 

 cate set of measurements was taken in the same way directly 

 from the sections. For projections upon the anterior and 

 posterior surfaces of the body the middle line of the glass 

 was always placed over the anteroposterior midline of the 

 plate. This midline of the section was taken as a line 

 through the middle of the sternum or linea alba anteriorly 

 and the center of the centrum or intervertebral disc post- 

 eriorly. It does not pass through the spinous process in 

 those cases where the latter is displaced to the right or left 

 as sometimes happens. 



The midline thus established was taken as the zero 

 line of the section and the measurements were made to the 

 right and left with it as the line of reference. Since the 

 projection could only show the outline of an organ the point 

 nearest the midline and the one farthest from the midline 

 were the two measured. Where an organ crossed the mid- 

 line, the points representing the two lateral extremities were 

 taken. The same measurements were used for both pro- 

 jections. In the case of the lungs, however, two sets of 

 measurements were taken, one for the anterior projection 

 and the other for the posterior. The anterior margins and 



