TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN 7 



In order to avoid errors, each plate was finished with 

 the section from which it was taken before me. No attempt 

 has been made to reproduce the parts in their natural colors 

 or appearances. All finishing lines are more or less conven- 

 tional and only attempt to give sufficient contrast so that 

 the parts may be readily distinguished. 



The bones are indicated by a central stippled area repre- 

 senting the cancellous bone, surrounded by a clear area rep- 

 resenting the compact bone. The intervertebral discs and 

 costal cartilages are white. The muscles are lined in one 

 direction only, with the exception that the diaphragm and 

 the walls of the heart are cross-lined. The arteries are red 

 and the veins blue as are also the corresponding parts of 

 the heart. The cavities of the body are black, except for a 

 narrow white line around the boundary of each space. The 

 nerves appear as circles. The spinal cord contains the 

 sign H. The liver is lined with lines oblique to those of 

 the muscles. The spleen and some of the lymph glands are 

 filled in by circles. The lungs, thyreoid gland and pancreas 

 are represented as composed of angular spaces. The irreg- 

 ular line in the suprarenal gland represents the medulla of 

 the gland. The kidney shows the radiate appearance of the 

 medullary substance. The ureter is shown as a small 

 double walled tube with its inner wall wrinkled. The vas 

 deferens is also double walled but the inner circle is very 

 small. The sections of the alimentary canal are outlined 

 only. The outer line represents the peritonaeal coat, the 

 inner line the mucous coat and the interspace the remain- 

 ing layers. 



In a few sections uncut parts which lie near enough to 

 the surface of the section to make it desirable to indicate 



