TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN 6 1 



the jejunoileum. In the pelvic cavity they lie, at first, by 

 the side of the rectum, but lower down pass across its an- 

 terior surface to reach the posterior surface of the bladder. 

 In going from kidney to bladder each ureter inclines in- 

 ward and forward (Plates XXVIII to XXXV). 



The bladder was empty in this subject. It lies entirely 

 •within section XXIII, between the heads of the recti mus- 

 cles and the upper half of pubic arch anteriorly and the 

 rectum in the region of the coccyx posteriorly. 



THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS 



The right suprarenal gland extends from the lower 

 part of the eleventh thoracic vertebra to the lower part of 

 the first lumbar vertebra. It lies along the upper half of 

 the medial border of the right kidney and extends above 

 the kidney into the space between the posterior surface of 

 the liver and the diaphragm (Plate XV). It is in contact 

 posterointernally with the diaphragm and anterointernally 

 with the vena cava inferior. The upper half is nonperiton- 

 aeal, the lower half is covered with peritonaeum on its an- 

 terior surface and is in contact with the inferior surface of 

 the liver. The inferior pole lies posterior to the first part of 

 the duodenum (Plate XVII). 



The left suprarenal is shorter and broader than the 

 right one. The upper pole is about .7 cm. lower than that 

 of the right. It covers the medial border of the left kidney 

 from the upper pole to the hilus. Its posterior (internal) 

 surface lies upon the diaphragm. Its anterior (external) 

 surface is covered with peritonaeum above the superior bor- 

 der of the pancreas, where it is in contact with the posterior 

 surface of the stomach. The remainder of the anterior sur- 

 face is in contact with the posterior surface of the pancreas. 

 The lower pole lies just above the left renal vessels. 



