1888.] ON THE CARPDS AND TARSUS OF THE ANURA. 141 



1. On the Carpus and Tarsus of the Anura. By G. B. 

 HowEs^ F.Z.S., P.L.S.; Assistant Professor of Zoology, 

 Normal School of Science and E.. School of Mines^ and 



W. ElDEWOOD. 



[Eeceived March 6, 1888.] 



(Plates VII.-IX.) 



CONTENTS. 

 I. Intkoduction. 



a. General, p. 141. 



h. Nomenclature, p. 142. 



c. Material, p. 142. 



d. Methods, p. 143. 



II. General Part. 

 Hind Foot. 



a. Metatarsals and phalanges, p. 144. 



b. Astragalus and calcaneus, p. 144. 



c. Tarsalia 4 and 5, p. 145. 



d. Tarsalia 2 and 3, p. 146. 



e. Tarsale 1, p. 147. 



f. Naviculare and pre-hallux tarsal, p. 147. 



g. Pre-hallux (calcar), p. 148. 



Fore Foot. 



a. Metacarpals and phalanges, p. 152. 



h. Distal carjjal elements (carpalia), p. 153. 



c. Carpale 1 and poUex, j). 154. 



d. Ulnare (pyramidale), p. 155. 



e. Lunatum, p. 156. 



/. Postaxial centrale, p. 157. 

 g. Naviculare, p. 157. 



h. Compound structures resulting from the fusion of two or more 

 carpal elements, p. 160. 



III. Special Part. 



Carpus and tarsus in 



A. Aglossa. 



a. Pipidie, p. 161. 



b. Dactylethridffi, p. 163. 



B. Phaneroglossa. 



a. Discoglossida;, p. 164. 



b. Pelobatidae, p. 165. 



c. Hylidse, p. 167. 



d. Bufonidse, p. 169. 



e. Cystignathidse, p. 170. 

 /. Engystomatidfe, p. 172. 

 g. Dendrobatidce, p. 173. 

 h. Eanidre, p. 173. 



IV. Conclusions, p. 177. 

 Y. List of Autuorities referred to, p. 179. 

 VI. Explanation op tue Plates, p. 181. 



I. INTRODUCTION. 



a. General. — While, during the last few years, the researches of 

 Proc. ZooL. Soc— 1888, NojJLJU-..^ 11 



