234 



PROF. G. B. HOWES ON THE GULAR 



[Apr. 17, 



satisfactorily to the aforenamed * Zipfelii.' It will thus be seen that 

 these outgrowths are forcible displacements, due to the mode of 

 suspension of the p;ular sac, rather than casual outgrowths, as might 

 be imagined at first sight. 



Espada's statement concerning the attachment to the ventral 

 muscles does not do justice to the facts. The brood-pouch of my 

 specimen was found, on being raised, to hang free behind the line of 

 attachment, and that was found to follow the anterior border of the 

 bony clavicle. This fact is shown in fig. 3, where the greater part of 

 the ventral wall of the sac (s.ff') had been removed and the small 

 portion of its post-clavicular dorsal wall (s.ff") which remained 

 turned forwards. Anteriorly to this point of attachment a complete 

 confluence is established between the dorsal wall of the sac and the 

 overlying floor of the mouth (see dotted line of fig. 5). 



Examination of the parts in situ showed that all attachment is pre- 

 clavicular, and that the main portion of the sac hangs free, the 



Fig. 3. 



A portion of the right half of fig. 2, dissected to show the iutestine and liver, 

 together with the mode of attachment of the gular sac. 



CO, coracoid ; die, duodenum ; md, angle of mandible; s, xiphisternum. 



whole being suspended as it were from the floor of the mouth and 

 adjacent lateral integument, and lying within the great subcutaneous 

 lymph-space (/.«., figs. 1, 2, 5). 



Esj)ada mentions the fact that in one of his specimens the hinder 

 half of the tongue was " kiirzer oder zusammengezogen, wie um die 

 Ein- und Ausgangsoffnungen des Kehlsackes frei zu lassen." This 

 was not the case in my specimen. The tongue is {i, fig. 4) somewhat 



