G64 



DR. H. GADOW ON THE R£MIGES OF BIRDS. [DcC. 18, 



Group D. — With only 9 functional primaries. The 9th quill always 

 partakes of the formation of the tip of the wing, and is fre- 

 quently the largest of all. The 10th quill is, as a rule, reduced 

 to a tiny feather, which is hidden between the 10th covert and 

 outer vane of the 9th quill. This hidden portion is always 

 assumed by the 10th quill, even when it is still tolerably well 

 developed, as in the Hirundinidse and in the Icteridae, i. e. 

 in birds in which it is stated to be absent by most ornitholo- 

 gists. The 11th upper covert is frequently present. 



To this group belong the so-called "Oscines novem-pennatse," 

 corresponding with the Tanagroid Passeres of Wallace, and 

 with the section Fringilliformes of the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. 



Length of 



lOtb primary 



in cm. 



Dicseidse . . . 

 HirundinidiS 

 Ampelidse ... 

 Mniotiltidffi 



Motacillidte 



CoerebidsB . 



Tanagridffi . 

 Icteridse .... 



Fringillidae 



Dicseum 



Pardalotus 



Hirundo 



Progne 



Amjjelis 



Phainopepla nitensj ... 



Mniotilta 



Dendrceca 



Parula 



Periglossa 



Seiurus 



Motacilla 



Anthus 



Grallina 



Henicurus 



Coereba 



Diglossa 



Drepanis 



Tanagra 



Pyranga 



Icterus 



Cassicus 



Quisealus major 



Fringilla coelebs 



Coccothraustes 



Panurus 



\ very small. 



1-1-3 



1-8- 

 0-8 



10 



0-8-1 



2-4-0! 



0-8-1 -0 



0-8-1 -0 



1-3 



30 

 1-0 

 1-0 

 1-2 



Ampelis with 11th upper covert. 

 Phainopepla ; lOtb primary almost 

 ]gth of the 9th ; 10th 



npeits witn lltn. upper covert. I 

 lainopepla ; lOtb primary almost 



^ the length of the 9th ; lOthi 



upper covert absent. 



' 10th primary very fine and 

 pointed, of about the same 

 length as its covert. Tip of wing 

 formed by the 9th primary. 



' 10th primary quite free and 

 functional; tips of wing formed 

 by 8th-6th ; 11th upper covert 

 present. 



10th primary very fine and occult. 

 10th primary stiff and narrow. 



