110 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIEN.CE. 
fountain thirty feet high. The plaza is laid out in walks lined with orange trees 
and beautiful flowers. Every evening the walks are filled with promenaders and 
an excellent band discourses sweet strains of Spanish music for their entertain- 
'rtient. 
The population of the city is officially stated at 18,000. The present mayor 
'of Chihuahua is Don Juan Zubrian, a gentleman of broad views, well educated, 
refined, and courteous. He takes pleasure in giving information to Americans, 
and under his rule the city is as orderly as any of the same size anywhere. He 
gave our party a very cordial reception and expressed himself anxious to cultivate 
•closer commercial relations with the people of the United States. 
The silver, gold, and copper mines of the State of Chihuahua have in former 
years been very productive, and even in 1844, the mint of Chihuahua, struck 
$61,632 in gold, and $290,000 in silver. In the year 1814, the coinage of this 
same mint amounted to $1,818,604 in silver and nearly $16,000 in gold. How- 
ever, since the last named period the coinage has fallen off considerably on the 
account of the lack of energy of the mine owners in the operation of their proper- 
ties. If work now in progress on these various mines continues the output must 
inevitably far exceed that of all previous years. 
The most thoroughly developed and best copper mines at present known are 
those of Santa Rita, near the union 'of the Rio Felonida with the Rio Conchas. 
Veins of iron, cinnabar, lead, sulphur, coal and nitre have been discovered and 
explored, but never fully opened out. The chief mining districts and mineral 
•deposits are those of San Bartolome, San Barbara, Chihuahua, Cosehuiriachi, 
Santa Eulalia, Jesus Maria, Loreto, Moris, Mulatos, Minas Nuevras, Parral, San 
Pedro, El Refugio, Santa Rita, Sierra Rica, Batopilas, Urique Y Ximenes, or as 
it is called Guajuguilla and Morales. 
One of the most noted mines of Chihuahua is the Santa Eulalia, five leagues 
from the Capital. So rich was this mine that the cathedral, costing nearly $800,- 
000, was built from a fund raised by a tax of one '•'real" (12)^ cents) on every 
*' mark " of silver ($8.00) obtained from it. The fund was collected during a 
period of seventy-two years, commencing in the year 1717 and terminated in 
1789. 
It was worked as early as 1705. Its registered product from that time to 
1737 was $55,957,750, or an average yield of $1,748,742 per annum. From 
1737 to 1781 it yielded something more than forty-four million of dollars, making 
a total of one hundred millions of dollars during a period of eighty-six years. 
The district was gradually abandoned during the latter part of the last cent- 
ury on account of the invasions of savage tribes, but in 17 91 it possessed a popu- 
lation of 6,000 inhabitants with seventy-three Haciendas for reducing metals and 
one hundred and three smelting furnaces; all these have gone to ruin and the 
product from 1791 to the present time is less than twenty millions of dollars, but 
the probabilities of restoring the mines to what they were is in the opinion of 
those who are competent to judge, undoubted. 
The mine is now owned by a stock company, whose principal owners reside 
