156 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
quantities. Granite and sandstone for building purposes are found in numerous 
places. Immense masses of crystallized gypsum are found in the southern part of 
the county.' The value of this mineral as a fertilizer and for use in the arts is too 
well knbwn to need explanation. 
On the Rio Puerco, about twenty miles from Albuquerque, several veins of 
coal have been opened which vary from four to eight feet in width. In Tijeras 
Canon one vein is nine feet thick and very pure. Other veins are known to 
exist in these and other localities, but they have never been opened. There has 
been no demand for coal here until within a short time and consequently none 
has been taken out. 
Hell Canon is situated twenty miles east from Albuquerque, on the west side 
of the Sandia Mountains. This mining district was discovered in the summer of 
1879, The ore is decomposed quartz carrying free gold, some silver and copper. 
The Manzanita is a lode of gold-bearing quartz from fifteen to twenty feet wide. 
Already a shaft fifty feet deep has been sunk, and a tunnel thirty feet in length 
dug. The ore runs from $12 to $20 to the ton. One of the best known 
mines in the camp is the Star, owned by Messrs. Strahan, Thomas and others. 
It was discovered in August, 1879, and from the first gave proof of great rich- 
ness. It consists of a free milling quartz ore, and the vein is fully eight feet 
wide. Assays from this mine have shown from $128 to $164 to the ton. One 
of the earliest discovered lodes was the Milagros. This was the first to call the 
attention of miners to Hell Canon, and it has since fully sustained its reputation. 
Three miles from the canon is the Golden Chariot lode, a true fissure vein, with 
well defined walls. North of the canon are several galena veins found in a 
granite formation. One of these, the Indiana, assayed one hundred and seventy 
ounces silver on the surface. It is not claimed for this district that the ore is 
extremely rich, but that there is an immense quantity of it, and it is easily worked 
and milled. Water enough to run several mills can be obtained up the canon, 
and the sides of the mountains are well wooded. 
Tijeras Canon cuts its way through the center of the Sandia Mountains, and 
has long been the principal route from the Rio Grande eastward. It lies only 
twelve miles from the river and is connected with it by a fine, hard road. The 
ores are copper, lead and silver. Galena has also been found, some of it rich 
in silver. This is one of the districts which has just been discovered, but which 
will soon command attention. 
Nacimiento is an organized mining district with a recorder's office. For 
years the Mexicans and Indians have brought very rich specimens of copper ore 
from the Jemez and Nacimiento Mountains. It was known that there was a rich 
body of mineral there somewhere, but no systematic effort was made to discover 
It until 1880. A fine property was found on the west side of the Nacimiento 
Mountains. The copper occurs as copper glance and gray copper in the ledges 
of sandstone. The white and red sandstone runs parallel with the mountain 
side, and for a distance often miles, shows traces of copper. In some places the 
copper occurs as fossils, mostly of trees, but in others it is in immense lodes of 
