P:kRE HYACINTHE AND CATHOLICISM. 217 
three hundred and twelve and a half tons each day. or a net profit of $93,740 per 
year. After a general survey of the outside, some twenty of us, with the Hon. 
E. J. Morrill, M. C, than whom a better traveling companion never existed, 
with lamps in hands, took our seats in some half dozen coal cars, drawn by three 
fine looking mules. At the crack of the whip, we plunged into the earth, every 
face glowing with expectation and excitement. The similarity of the Starkville 
mine renders a description of this unnecessary ; they both belong to the same 
great system of coal measures underlying this portion of the Raton Mountains 
and comprising an area of one thousand square miles. How far we penetrated I 
can only guess, probably three-quarters of a mile; here we left the cars, and 
walking a short distance, found a new machine, operated by the same motive 
power as the machine described in the Starkville mine ; this has been used about 
two years and is an improvement upon that. 
This machine instead of having the drill of the other machine, has an iron 
roller four feet long and two and one-half inches in diameter, armed with pro- 
jecting teeth. This, when pressed against the bottom of the coal at the end of 
the tunnel, by revolving rapidly cuts away the foundation of the great body to 
the thickness of the rollers two and a half inches, four feet wide and projecting 
under the coal some five feet; when one breadth is cut, the machine is moved one 
side to another cutting, till the whole mass of coal at the end of the tunnel, some 
twenty feet across and five feet in width is undermined. Tho holes two and a 
half inches in diameter and twelve feet apart near the top of the mine are then 
bored six feet in depth, and a pound cartridge inserted in each. The joint 
explosion throws off some twenty tons of coal. Only two of these are used in 
the mine. The old pick still plays an important part. A shout of " all aboard," 
and we are speedily in our little cars and Jehu with a flourish of his whip sets our 
faithful animals upon a jump till we find ourselves again upon the outside of the 
earth. 
THEOLOGY. 
- PERE HYACINTHE AND CATHOLICISM. 
E. R. KNOWLES. 
Reverend Charles Loyson, well known to us as Pere Hyacinthe, was born at 
Orleans, in France, March loth, 1827, was ordained a priest of the Catholic 
Church in 1846, and, after being a professor of theology for six years, became in 
1859 a Carmelite monk. He soon became a preacher of note, and his power 
and influence as a preacher increased till, just previous to the Roman Vatican 
Council of 1870, he had become "the most famous modern preacher of the 
