THE GLACIAL PERIOD IN ILLINOIS. 219 
the old Catholics of Germany, and the Galilean Mission Church, all portions of 
the Universal Church, in harmony with each other regarding all points of doctrine 
which they consider as essential, and constituting what may properly be called 
the constitutional party of the Catholic Church. And while there is no logical 
standpoint between absolute submission to the decrees of the constituted author- 
ities of the Catholic Church and complete separation from it, it is yet necessary 
to first be sure what are the lawful authorities of the Church, and whether the 
Pope is the Catholic head of the Universal Church, or the Roman head of the 
J?(?man-Catho\ic Church. The Catholic recognizes as Catholic doctrine only such 
as has been believed by all the faithful, always and everywhere. The Ronian- 
Cathohc or Papist, holds that the Roman Pontiff is the supreme, infallible, visi- 
ble head of the whole Christian Church. Because of the prerogative of infallibilty 
no General Councils of the Church are necessary to ascertain what has been 
believed in the Church of all lands and ages. " It is enough to interrogate the 
oracle that speaks at the Vatican." 
The position of the German old Catholics, and of Pdre Hyacinthe is logically 
unassailable. They apply to their faith the Catholic test of universality, perman- 
nence and consent, not recognizing that the Pope of Rome has any right to 
force upon Catholic Christendom the reception of non-Catholic doctrine, and 
do not allow that it is possible for them to be cut off from the Catholic Church 
by any excommunication by the Pope, on the ground that he has no authority to 
excommunicate them. They say of the Roman Church as did St. Cyprian 
of the Novatians : "We did not depart from them, but they departed from us ; " 
claiming not that they are the only Catholics, but that such Catholics as I have 
above mentioned as recognizing as truly Catholic only such doctrine as will stand 
the test of universality, permanence and consent, are the only Catholics faithful 
to the methods and traditions of the Church. 
Pere Hyacinthe's theological position will be better understood in propor- 
tion as CathoUcs insist upon unity only in essentials. The true CathoHc spirit 
sounds forth in those words of his, 
" I am not afraid; the truth will conquer ! " 
ARCHEOLOGY. 
THE GLACIAL PERIOD IN ILLINIOS. 
At a recent meeting of the St. Louis Academy of Science, Mr. William Mc- 
Adams was. introduced and invited to exhibit some rare specimens he had exca- 
vated in various parts of IlUnois. The gentleman, in explaining his specimens, 
with the view of throwing as much light as possible on the subject, read the fol- 
owing paper : 
