350 K'ANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
relation to the present Indian animals as the European fauna of the Pleistocene 
does to that now living in Europe. In both there was a similar association of 
living with extinct forms, and in both the central figure is the river-drift hunter. 
We are led from the region of tropical India to the banks of the Delaware in 
New Jersey, by the recent discoveries of Dr. Abbott, in the neighborhood of 
Trenton, which I have had the opportunity of examining with that gentleman 
and Professors Haynes and Lewis. The implements are of the same type, and 
occur under exactly the same conditions as the river-drift implements of Europe. 
They are found in a terrace of river gravel and loam overlooking the river, and 
are composed of materials derived from the old terminal moraine which strikes 
acoss the States of New Jersey and Pennsylvania in the direction of Lake Erie. 
The large blocks of stone which it contains indicate that during the time of its 
accumulation there were ice rafts floating down the Delaware in the spring, as in 
the Thames, the Seine, and the Somme in those days. According to Professor 
Lewis, it was formed either during the time when the glacier of the Delaware was. 
retreating (" Late Glacial") or a latter period (" Post-Glacial "). The physical 
evidence is clear that it belongs to the same age as the deposits with similar re- 
mains in Europe. The fossil animals — the reindeer, bison, and mastodon — 
found in it also point to the same conclusion. These animals belong to a fauna 
occurring in fluviatile deposits in North America, composed of the same elements, 
and even some of the same species (as may be seen in Dr. Leidy's lists) as that 
of the Pleistocenes of Europe. In it living and extinct forms, and those now 
found in warm and cold regions, were mingled together. To the temperate 
division belong the Virginian deer, the bison, raccoon, and the stag, the beaver 
and the elk; to the northern, the reindeer and musk-sheep; to the southern, the 
tapir and peccary. Among the extinct species we may note the American variety 
of the mammoth, the mastodon, and the great sloths — Megatherium, Megalonyx, 
and Mylodon, as well as a species of capybara and of musk-sheep. The Felts 
atrox of Dr. Leidy I am unable to distinguish from the cave-lion of Europe. All 
these animals were probably familiar to the river-drift hunter as he passed north- 
ward to the edge of the great glacier, or southward into the tropics of Central 
America. He was encamped at Trenton either while New York lay buried under 
the ice — which has left its unmistakable marks in the smoothed rocks of the Cent- 
ral Park — or while that ice was melting away. Thus, in our survey of the con- 
ditions of life when man first appeared in Europe, India, and North America, 
we see that the animal life was in the same stage of evolution, and that " the old 
order " was yielding place "unto the new" in these three regions so widely 
removed from each other. The river- drift hunter is proved by his surroundings 
to belong to the Pleistocene age in all three. 
It remains for us to weave the scattered threads of the inquiry in general 
conclusions. The identity of the implements proves that the river-drift hunter 
was in the same rude state of civilization, if it can be called civilization, in the 
Old and New Worlds, while the hand of the geological clock pointed to the same 
hour. It is not a little strange that his mode of Hfe should have been the sam e 
