GENESIS OF NATIVE COPPER. 4m 
•of them. I found enough to prove that in the days when these rocks were form- 
ing, the land and sea were peopled with animal life on land; great carnivorous 
and herbivarous reptiles were abundant; the climate was tropical and plant-life 
luxuriant. 
Copper ore is found in this formation and a smelter has been erected at the 
Narrows to reduce the ores. The Narrows are named from a place where the 
•divide between the Brazos and Big Wichita is so narrow that a wagon can hardly 
pass. It is difficult traveling along the rivers, as deep drainage canals cut through 
the valley and have to be headed. I have often travelled fifteen miles in going 
three in a straight line. The woods were filled with wild turkeys, and our table 
was well supplied. 
The Triassic beds have been thrown up by internal forces into miniature 
mountains, and their trends can be followed for some distance. The rocks lie 
at all angles. The color of the beds change so often that it is hard to trace 
them. 
Thanks to a letter from Mr. Lincoln, Secretary of War, to commanders of 
western forts, I had, thanks to Major Henry, Commander of Fort Sill, placed 
at my disposal a large government wagon and six mules, with escort of four 
soldiers and a teamster, with wall-tent, rations, etc. And here I would express 
my hearty thanks not only to the officers of Fort Sill, to whom I am under many 
obligations for similar courtesies extended and help rendered, but to all army 
■officers who have always felt great interest in all scientific expeditions, and have 
done much to make them successful. It is to be hoped that Texas will soon be 
more thoroughly explored. It offers a most interesting field of research. The 
landscape artist would also find some beautiful scenery. 
GENESIS OF NATIVE COPPER. 
JOHN K. HALLOWELL. 
Having expressed some ideas relative to the method of occurrence of native 
-copper, and also being requested to make the same public through some journal 
of standing, I have taken the liberty of sending the Review the following: 
In order to express my views clearly I will take the Lake Superior copper 
occurrences as a final illustration, at the same time I feel how difficult it will be 
to set the whole upon paper plainly, that any one may understand, especially 
those who have not much knowledge of rocks and ore formations. There is not 
much in the books that is at all satisfactory to me; the basis of reasoning there, 
being, in most instances, theoretical and far fetched, and the simpler things, 
even though occurring on a very large scale, appear to have been overlooked. 
To get at the genesis of native copper let us see what the first form of the 
ore occurrences is. Mineralogists as well as geologists are agreed that this is in. 
(the condition of sulphides, being a deposition, or precipitation from aqueous 
