538 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
Prof. F. W. Cragin, of Washburn College, Topeka, then read a paper *'0n 
the Ruins of the Cliff Dwellers of Chapillo, Blanca and Pareto." The professor 
gave an interesting account of his observations among these ruins, which are 
about forty miles west of Santa Fe, N. M., and referred to the curious ancient 
drawings found upon the rocks in the cliffs of that region. Prominent upon those 
noticed was a figure shaped like a Spanish cross, and also a drawing represent- 
ing a mastodon. This was considered very curious from the fact that the draw- 
ings are probably 2,000 years old. 
Afternoon Session. — In the afternoon at 2 o'clock the Academy again 
assembled in the Senate Chamber and was called to order by the president. 
By request, Prof. Hay, of Junction City, who exhumed the fossils in Norton 
County, occupied ten minutes in exhibiting and explaining the specimens to the 
members of the classes in Chemistry and Natural Philosophy of the Topeka High 
School who were brought in by Prof. Larimer. 
Mr. J. T. Willard, of the Agricultural College at Manhattan, r6ad a short 
paper entitled, " Note on a New Kansas Mineral." The mineral, of which he 
exhibited a specimen, is ferrous brown, appearing like Haematite, and was found 
in the northern part of Riley County. The mineral when first discovered was 
supposed to be haematite, but on close analysis was found to be manaconite, a 
variety of iron ore similar to haematite but differing slightly in its action under the 
blow pipe and with acids. 
The department of Physics and Chemistry was the next taken up and an 
exhaustive paper on "Purification of Water for Domestic and Manufacturing 
Purposes," was presented by Mr. Wm. Tweeddale, of Topeka. This paper was 
quite lengthy and treated fully of the subject in its various and varied relations. 
The next paper " Is the Sun Composed of Fire?" was read by title and re- 
ferred to the committee on publication, the author, Mr. F. E. Jerome, of Rus- 
sell, being absent. 
Mr. Geo. S. Chase followed with "Archaeological Notes," which belonged 
properly in the department of Anthropology, but had been deferred on account 
of Mr. Chase's absence when the paper was regularly called. This paper gave 
an account of a trip made by the author to New Mexico, and he gave an account 
of some relics found near Taos, New Mexico. Mr. Chase exhibited several 
small black stone images which he believed were used by some prehistoric race 
either as an object of worship or as a sign of rank, probably the latter. 
Dr. Thompson believed that such images were treasured by Indians of the 
present day, having been made by their ancient predecessors, not so much as 
objects of reverence as signs of rank. 
Professor Savage made a short address on "Lightning Freaks during the 
Summer of 1883," and in doing so referred to a small cyclone which he had wit- 
nessed. The cyclone, shaped like an inverted cone, while revolving rapidly would 
occasionally separate near the ground, and then come together again. Each 
time as the points of the two portions of the cyclone came together a blue flame 
was seen to pass apparently from the ground to the top of the cyclone. Profes- 
