KAW WATER AT LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 603 
the bottoms of ravines, but is less free than the crystallized forms. The crystals 
are of all sizes, varying from needle-like points to crystals one and a half inches 
in length and a half inch in diameter. Many of the crystals are perfectly trans- 
parent, others are opaque. 
There are, I believe, but two other localities in the State in which this min- 
eral is found : one near Manhattan, where it occurs in the massive form, the 
other locality is near Valley Falls. 
CHEMISTRY. 
KAW WATER AT LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 
PROF. E. H. S. BAILEY. 
A sample of the water from the Kansas River was taken on October 13th, 
one day after a rain, at a point one-half a mile above the bridge. A sample was 
also taken on the same day from a well in West Lawrence, at a point near the 
river bank. The river water was turbid, and was allowed to stand till the sedi- 
ment was deposited, so that an analysis of the clear water was made. For the 
execution of the following analyses, I am indebted to Mr. T. W. Miller, a stud- 
ent in the Chemical Labratory of the University. The amounts are expressed 
in grains per gallon : 
River "Water. Well Water. 
Silica, (sand) i-37o o. 211 
Chloride of Sodium, (salt) 6.677 10-859 
Sulphate of Lime 2.440 9-498 
Bicarbonate of Lime 16.122 29.908 
Bicarbonate of Magnesia 3"527 8.183 
Bicarbonate of Iron Trace. o-593 
Bicarbonate of Soda . Trace. Trace. 
Organic Matter 0.770 7-873 
Total Solids 30.906 67.125 
It will be noticed that the well water has niore than twice as much residue 
or mineral matter as the river water. This residue is not considered as necessar- 
ily injurious; but from an economic point of view, the river water is much super- 
ior, as these solids in this case make the well water much harder than that of the 
river. Carbonate of lime and magnesia render water "temporarily hard," that 
is, the water can be cured by appropriate reagents. Sulphate of lime, on 
the other hand, makes the water " permanently hard." The well water contains 
twice as much carbonates as the other, and four times as much sulphate of lime. 
VII- 88 
