668 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
with smaller rooms, the whole suite or dwelling consisting of four apartments. 
One of the smaller rooms had its floor excavated to a depth of two or three feet 
below those of the other rooms, and is supposed to have served the purpose of a 
store room or cellar for the ancient occupants. The other small rooms may have 
been bed-rooms. A groove eighteen inches deep by fifteen in width extending 
from the floor of the main room up one side of the shaft to the surface of the hill. 
its bottom filled with ashes, and its sides blackened by smoke, formed the fire- 
place and chimney of the establishment. Around the mouth of the shaft a stone 
wall was found, forming by its enclosure a kind of door-yard to the dwelling be- 
low. The wall, doubtless, served the double purpose of guarding against snow- 
slides, which might otherwise fill up the rooms and bury the occupants, and 
against the accidental fall of an inhabitant into his own or his neighbor's dwell- 
ing, upsetting the dinner-pot and possibly breaking his neck in the operation. 
Considerable debris was found in these ancient dwellings, an examination of 
which led to the discovery of many curios, illustrating some of the social and 
domestic customs of the extinct race. Stone mauls and axes, the implements, 
used in excavating the dwellings ; pottery bearing a great variety of ornamenta- 
tion, bone awls and needles of delicate workmanship, the metate or family grind- 
ing stone for grain, its well worn surface indicating long use ; shell and obsidian 
ornaments, and implements of wood — the uses of which were undiscoverable — 
were among the trophies of the exploration. Search was made for a water course 
or spring, but no appearance of the existence of water in the neighborhood dur- 
ing recent centuries was discovered. There were signs of intercommunication 
between this village and a cliff" city some fifteen miles distant; also a new discov- 
ery which indicated the contemporaneous inhabitancy of the two. This city, or, 
rather, cluster of villages, occupied the sides of a canon which has recently been 
christened Walnut Canon. It is an immense fissure in the earth, with nothing 
above the general level of the country to indicate its existence to the traveler 
until he stands upon the sides of its almost precipitous brink. The sides have been 
gullied by storms and torrents, leaving shallow, cave-like places of great length 
at different heights, along the bottoms of which, whenever the ledge furnishes a 
sufficient area, dwellings in groups or singly were built. The season was well 
advanced when the place was reached, and only little time was spent in its ex- 
ploration. All the ancient methods of approach had been long before worn away, 
and access to the nearest of the groups of houses was a work of difficulty. 
The group or village which was most narrowly examined, was about three- 
quarters of a mile in length, and consisted of a single row of houses, the common 
rear wall being the lining rock, while the sides and fronts were made of large 
squared stones laid in clay. A narrow street or pathway extended along the 
entire front. Other and similar villages could be seen along the canon for a 
distance of five miles. 
Among the relics found here was a wooden spindle whirl similar to those in 
use by the Pueblos of the present time, but unlike them in the apparent manner 
of its manufacture. Nothing indicating the use of metallic tools of any descrip- 
