676 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
which further work would prove to belong to a perfect skull and a perfect skele- 
ton below. The remains were often preserved in hard concretions. When we 
found a skull preserved in this way we were always sure of a perfect specimen, 
the concretion, in its friendly embrace, retaining every process, tooth, or other 
delicate part, intact. 
The most common species was what palaeontologists call the Oreodon, a hog- 
like creature that lived in herds and was omnivorous in habit : they varied in 
size from a peccary to a large hog. We found a good many of the horse species, 
Anchitherium, etc.; these all had from three to five toes on their hind feet, and 
three on their front ones. I dicovered a large animal of the rhinoceros kind 
with two horns on the nasal bones, one on each side. We found great numbers 
of herbivorous beasts, and a corresponding number of carnivores. One species 
of the cat family had serrated teeth and was as large as a tiger. It resembled 
the saber-tooth tiger of this formation. 
One very large animal I discovered was as large as the rhinoceros. It was 
new to science, and was provided with a large process on the humerus, and wa& 
called Boocherus humerosus, by Cope. We found about ten species of the cat 
family. Rodents were very common and we added a number of new species ta 
science. 
Fresh-water turtles were found, some were three or four feet long, their 
shells beautifully sculptured. Prof. E. D. Cope, the noted American pal- 
aeontologist, has described all the species discovered by my expedition, and the 
work published by the Government is a large quarto volume with a great many 
beautiful lithographic plates. When I receive a copy I will try and give a more 
detailed description of my collections. 
Whenever we got a load of fossils, or were out of provisions, we went into 
a small settlement on John Day River. One day in July, I think, I led in a 
horse packed with two boxes of fossils, and when I got to the house where I left 
my specimens, I found no one at home but the old gentleman. He told me that 
Gen. Howard had sent a courier through the settlement, advising all to gather 
together and build a stockade for protection, as a body of 300 Snake Indians 
were on the war-path, and would come down the South Fork of the John Day 
River and cross over to the Columbia. They had 3,000 stolen horses with them 
and killed all the settlers they met with, but would not be likely to attack a body 
of armed men. All the people but this old man had gone to Camp Watson, or 
Spanish Gulch, as they called it, and built a stockade. I loaded up my cart- 
ridges, got my Sharp's rifle in shape and stayed with the old man over night. 
One of my assistants came in that night, the other was still in the fossil fields, 
ignorant of any danger from Indians. Next day I went into the beds for him, 
we cached our tent, etc., and returned to the settlement, then all three of us, 
after we had cached our fossils, went to the stockade, where we found all the 
settlers in the neighborhood gathered together. The next day the Indians 
passed down the South Fork and across to Fox Prairie, about six miles from our 
ossil beds. On the route they killed three sheep-herders arid burned one ranch. 
