732 KANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE. 
was developed to any extent. Very little has been said of the Temescal Range 
of late, from which it may be inferred that the yield of tin has fallen below ex- 
pectations, and that work has been abandoned on most if not all of the claims. 
An analysis of the Temescal ore made by Dr. F. A. Genth gave the following 
results: Silicic acid 9.82, tungstic acid .22, oxide of tin 76.15, oxide of copper 
.27, oxides of iron and manganese, lime and alumina 13.54; total 100. 
The tin occurrence upon which development work has been most actively 
and energetically carried forward in this country is that upon which the Broad 
Arrow Mines are located, near Ashland, Clay County, Alabama. The ore in 
that locality occurs both in lodes and as stream tin, and has been uncovered in 
four places, and these four open quarries constitute the Broad Arrow Mines. 
The tin stuff ranges from a trace up to two per cent, averaging one and a half 
per cent ; and is said to be readily concentrated, and is besides free from all 
traces of arsenic and sulphur. Reduction works have been erected near the 
quarries since regular work began at the mines, March 2, 1883, the intention 
being to produce from gneiss ore carrying one and a half per cent tin about 500 
pounds of crude pig tin a day. It is our information that the venture has not 
thus far been a commercial success. 
Quite recently it has been noised about that tin ore has been discovered in 
Rockbridge County, Virginia. The ore is said to be found in Irish Creek, a few 
miles from the line of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, near Vesuvius and Mid- 
vale Stations. Owing to the altitude of the locality, 2,700 feet above tide water, 
work can only be carried forward during warm weather, and as yet enough has 
not been done to determine the extent of the deposit. The ore has been cut at 
several points by shafts, however, and its richness pretty well determined by 
numerous analyses. It is of the variety known as casserite, or binoxide of tin, 
according to one authority, and from a specimen broken from the vein showed 
M. tin 63.583, M. iron 1.680, silica 8.415, sulphur .066, arsenic .301, titanium 
distinct trace. Other analyses gave varying results. One by Prof. A. S. Mc- 
Creath of the average across the cut, taking tin stuif, quartz and wall rock, gave 
M. tin 31.63; one by Prof. Silliman, of Yale, of the best casserite sample gave 
M. Tin 68.00; one by Prof. Potter, of St. Louis, gave M. tin 63.81. — Age of 
Steel. 
Influence of Scientific Studies. — While it must be conceded that force 
of expression and faculty in the communication of thought are best to be ac- 
quired through the philosophical, dialectical, rhetorical studies and exercises 
which in the main compose the curriculum of older institutions of our country, 
I believe it to be equally true that the faculties of clear perception, of careful 
discrimination, and of just generalization are developed by the study of natural 
history, of chemistry, of physics, as they can be through no other educational 
means. — Gen. F. A. Walker, Boston. 
